Navon David
Am J Psychol. 2014 Summer;127(2):147-55. doi: 10.5406/amerjpsyc.127.2.0147.
Findings in a number of neuropsychological studies involving reports of decisions to initiate spontaneous movement (e.g., Fried, Mukamel, & Kreiman, 2011; Libet, Gleason, Wright, & Pearl, 1983; Soon, Brass, Heinze, & Haynes, 2008) are often interpreted as putting in question the reality of conscious control and, by extension, the time-honored concept of free will. I suggest that several problems with the basic paradigm used by most such studies, elaborated on in some recent articles (prominently Miller, Shepherdson, & Trevena, 2011, and Schurger, Sitt, & Dehaene, 2012), as well as some other arguments, raise doubt that conscious control is in fact a gratuitous byproduct of preconscious brain activity.
一些神经心理学研究涉及到启动自发运动的决策报告(例如,弗里德、穆卡梅尔和克莱曼,2011年;利贝特、格里森、赖特和珀尔,1983年;松、布拉斯、海因策和海恩斯,2008年),其研究结果常常被解释为对意识控制的真实性提出质疑,进而对由来已久的自由意志概念提出质疑。我认为,大多数此类研究使用的基本范式存在几个问题,最近的一些文章(尤其是米勒、谢泼德森和特里韦纳,2011年,以及舒格、西特和德阿纳,2012年)对此进行了详细阐述,还有一些其他论点也让人怀疑意识控制实际上是否是前意识大脑活动的无端副产品。