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自由意志的所在:囚犯的自由

The place of Free Will: the freedom of the prisoner.

作者信息

Nichelli Paolo F, Grafman Jordan

机构信息

University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Romolo Benzi, 48, 41126, Modena, Italy.

Brain Injury Research, Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Think and Speak Lab, 25th Floor, Northeast Corner, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, 355 E. Erie Street, Chicago, IL, 60611-5146, USA.

出版信息

Neurol Sci. 2024 Mar;45(3):861-871. doi: 10.1007/s10072-023-07138-4. Epub 2023 Oct 23.

Abstract

Debates about the concept of Free Will date back to ancient times. About 40 years ago, Benjamin Libet designed an experiment showing that the conscious intention to move is preceded by a specific pattern of brain activation. His finding suggested that unconscious processes determine our decisions. Libet-style experiments have continued to dominate the debate about Free Will, pushing some authors to argue that the existence of Free Will is a mere illusion. We believe that this dispute is because we often measure Free Will using arbitrary human decisions rather than deliberate actions. After reviewing the definition of Free Will and the related literature, we conclude that the scientific evidence does not disprove the existence of Free Will. However, our will encounters several constraints and limitations that should be considered when evaluating our deeds' personal responsibility.

摘要

关于自由意志概念的争论可以追溯到古代。大约40年前,本杰明·利贝特设计了一项实验,表明有意识的运动意图之前会出现一种特定的大脑激活模式。他的发现表明,无意识过程决定了我们的决策。利贝特式的实验继续主导着关于自由意志的争论,促使一些作者认为自由意志的存在仅仅是一种幻觉。我们认为,这场争论是因为我们经常用随意的人类决策而不是深思熟虑的行动来衡量自由意志。在回顾了自由意志的定义和相关文献后,我们得出结论,科学证据并没有反驳自由意志的存在。然而,我们的意志会遇到一些限制和约束,在评估我们行为的个人责任时应该予以考虑。

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