Bamiwuye Samson Olusina, Odimegwu Clifford
Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
Reprod Health. 2014 Jun 17;11:45. doi: 10.1186/1742-4755-11-45.
Despite the threat of violence to the health and rights of women yet, for many years, there has been a dearth of nationally comparable data on domestic violence in sub-Saharan Africa. This paper examines whether women from poor households are more likely to experience violence from husband/partner than other women who are from middle or rich households.
Data for the study are derived from most recent DHS surveys of ever-married women age 15-49 in Cameroun(3,691), Kenya(4,336), Mozambique(5610), Nigeria (16,763), Zambia(3,010) and Zimbabwe(5,016) who participated in the questions on Domestic Violence Module. Bivariate analysis and Binary Logistic Regression Analysis are used to explore the linkage between household poverty-wealth and spousal violence while simultaneously controlling for confounding variables.
The overall prevalence of any form of violence (physical, sexual or emotional) ranges from 30.5% in Nigeria to 43.4% in Zimbabwe; 45.3% in Kenya; 45.5% in Mozambique; 53.9% in Zambia and 57.6% in Cameroun. Both bivariate and multivariate analyses show that in two of the six countries -Zambia and Mozambique, experience of violence is significantly higher among women from non-poor (rich) households than those from other households (poor and middle). For Zimbabwe and Kenya, women from poor households are more likely to have ever experienced spousal violence than those from non-poor households. In the remaining two countries- Nigeria and Cameroun, women from the middle class are more likely to have ever suffered abuse from husband/partner than those from the poor and rich households.
Our results thus show that similar measurements of household poverty-wealth have produced varying relationships with respect to experience of spousal violence in six sub-Saharan African countries. In other words, experience of violence cuts across all household poverty-wealth statuses and therefore may not provide enough explanations on whether household-poverty necessarily serves to facilitate the ending of violence. These results suggest that eliminating violence against women in sub-Sahara Africa requires a comprehensive approach rather than addressing household poverty-wealth alone.
尽管暴力行为对妇女的健康和权利构成威胁，但多年来，撒哈拉以南非洲地区一直缺乏全国可比的家庭暴力数据。本文探讨了贫困家庭的妇女是否比来自中等或富裕家庭的其他妇女更容易遭受丈夫/伴侣的暴力。
该研究的数据来自喀麦隆（3691人）、肯尼亚（4336人）、莫桑比克（5610人）、尼日利亚（16763人）、赞比亚（3010人）和津巴布韦（5016人）最近对15-49岁已婚妇女进行的人口与健康调查（DHS），这些妇女参与了家庭暴力模块的问题。采用双变量分析和二元逻辑回归分析来探讨家庭贫富与配偶暴力之间的联系，同时控制混杂变量。
任何形式的暴力（身体、性或情感暴力）的总体发生率在尼日利亚为30.5%，在津巴布韦为43.4%；在肯尼亚为45.3%；在莫桑比克为45.5%；在赞比亚为53.9%；在喀麦隆为57.6%。双变量分析和多变量分析均显示，在六个国家中的两个国家——赞比亚和莫桑比克，非贫困（富裕）家庭的妇女遭受暴力的经历明显高于其他家庭（贫困和中等）的妇女。在津巴布韦和肯尼亚，贫困家庭的妇女比非贫困家庭的妇女更有可能曾经遭受过配偶暴力。在其余两个国家——尼日利亚和喀麦隆，中产阶级妇女比贫困和富裕家庭的妇女更有可能曾经遭受过丈夫/伴侣的虐待。
因此，我们的结果表明，在六个撒哈拉以南非洲国家，类似的家庭贫富衡量标准与配偶暴力经历产生了不同的关系。换句话说，暴力经历跨越了所有家庭贫富状况，因此可能无法充分解释家庭贫困是否必然有助于消除暴力。这些结果表明，在撒哈拉以南非洲消除对妇女的暴力行为需要采取综合方法，而不是仅解决家庭贫富问题。
