Department of Radiology, Lurie Family Foundation MEG Imaging Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia, PA , USA.
Department of Radiology, Lurie Family Foundation MEG Imaging Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia, PA , USA ; Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia, PA , USA.
Front Hum Neurosci. 2014 Jun 6;8:417. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00417. eCollection 2014.
The development of left and right superior temporal gyrus (STG) 50 ms (M50) and 100 ms (M100) auditory responses in typically developing (TD) children and in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) was examined. Reflecting differential development of primary/secondary auditory areas and supporting previous studies, it was hypothesized that whereas left and right M50 STG responses would be observed equally often in younger and older children, left and right M100 STG responses would more often be absent in younger than older children. In ASD, delayed neurodevelopment would be indicated via the observation of a greater proportion of ASD than TD subjects showing missing M100 but not M50 responses in both age groups. Missing M100 responses would be observed primarily in children with ASD with language impairment (ASD + LI) (and perhaps concomitantly lower general cognitive abilities).
Thirty-five TD controls, 63 ASD without language impairment (ASD - LI), and 38 ASD + LI were recruited. Binaural tones were presented. The presence or absence of a STG M50 and M100 was scored. Subjects were grouped into younger (6-10 years old) and older groups (11-15 years old).
Although M50 responses were observed equally often in older and younger subjects and equally often in TD and ASD, left and right M50 responses were delayed in ASD - LI and ASD + LI. Group comparisons showed that in younger subjects M100 responses were observed more often in TD than ASD + LI (90 versus 66%, p = 0.04), with no differences between TD and ASD - LI (90 versus 76%, p = 0.14) or between ASD - LI and ASD + LI (76 versus 66%, p = 0.53). In older subjects, whereas no differences were observed between TD and ASD + LI, responses were observed more often in ASD - LI than ASD + LI. Findings were similar when splitting the ASD group into lower- and higher-cognitive functioning groups.
Although present in all groups, M50 responses were delayed in ASD. Examining the TD data, findings indicated that by 11 years, a right M100 should be observed in 100% of subjects and a left M100 in 80% of subjects. Thus, by 11 years, lack of a left and especially right M100 offers neurobiological insight into sensory processing that may underlie language or cognitive impairment.
本研究旨在探究正常发育儿童和自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）儿童左、右优势颞上回（STG）50 毫秒（M50）和 100 毫秒（M100）听觉反应的发展情况。反映了初级/次级听觉区的不同发育情况，并支持了先前的研究，我们假设左、右 M50 STG 反应在年幼和年长儿童中同样常见，而左、右 M100 STG 反应在年幼儿童中较年长儿童更常缺失。在 ASD 中，通过观察更多的 ASD 患者比 TD 患者在两个年龄组中表现出缺失 M100 而不是 M50 反应，表明神经发育延迟。缺失 M100 反应主要见于语言障碍的 ASD 儿童（ASD+LI）（可能伴有较低的一般认知能力）。
招募了 35 名 TD 对照组、63 名无语言障碍的 ASD（ASD-LI）和 38 名 ASD+LI 儿童。呈现双耳声刺激。记录 STG M50 和 M100 的有无。将受试者分为年幼组（6-10 岁）和年长组（11-15 岁）。
尽管 M50 反应在年长和年幼的受试者中同样常见，在 TD 和 ASD 中同样常见，但 ASD-LI 和 ASD+LI 儿童的左、右 M50 反应延迟。组间比较显示，在年幼的受试者中，TD 儿童比 ASD+LI 儿童更常出现 M100 反应（90%比 66%，p=0.04），而 TD 儿童与 ASD-LI 儿童之间（90%比 76%，p=0.14）或 ASD-LI 儿童与 ASD+LI 儿童之间（76%比 66%，p=0.53）无差异。在年长的受试者中，TD 和 ASD+LI 之间无差异，但 ASD-LI 组的反应较 ASD+LI 组更常见。当将 ASD 组分为认知功能较低和较高的亚组时，结果相似。
尽管 M50 反应在所有组中均存在，但 ASD 患者的 M50 反应延迟。对 TD 数据的分析表明，到 11 岁时，100%的受试者应出现右侧 M100，80%的受试者应出现左侧 M100。因此，到 11 岁时，缺乏左侧和尤其是右侧 M100 为语言或认知障碍提供了潜在的神经生物学认识。
