Palombi Olivier, Ulliana Federico, Favier Valentin, Léon Jean-Claude, Rousset Marie-Christine
Department of Anatomy, LADAF, Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France ; LJK (CNRS-UJF-INPG-UPMF), INRIA, Université de Grenoble, Grenoble, France.
LIG (CNRS-UJF-INPG-UPMF), Université de Grenoble, Grenoble, France.
J Biomed Semantics. 2014 May 6;5:20. doi: 10.1186/2041-1480-5-20. eCollection 2014.
Multiple models of anatomy have been developed independently and for different purposes. In particular, 3D graphical models are specially useful for visualizing the different organs composing the human body, while ontologies such as FMA (Foundational Model of Anatomy) are symbolic models that provide a unified formal description of anatomy. Despite its comprehensive content concerning the anatomical structures, the lack of formal descriptions of anatomical functions in FMA limits its usage in many applications. In addition, the absence of connection between 3D models and anatomical ontologies makes it difficult and time-consuming to set up and access to the anatomical content of complex 3D objects.
First, we provide a new ontology of anatomy called My Corporis Fabrica (MyCF), which conforms to FMA but extends it by making explicit how anatomical structures are composed, how they contribute to functions, and also how they can be related to 3D complex objects. Second, we have equipped MyCF with automatic reasoning capabilities that enable model checking and complex queries answering. We illustrate the added-value of such a declarative approach for interactive simulation and visualization as well as for teaching applications.
The novel vision of ontologies that we have developed in this paper enables a declarative assembly of different models to obtain composed models guaranteed to be anatomically valid while capturing the complexity of human anatomy. The main interest of this approach is its declarativity that makes possible for domain experts to enrich the knowledge base at any moment through simple editors without having to change the algorithmic machinery. This provides MyCF software environment a flexibility to process and add semantics on purpose for various applications that incorporate not only symbolic information but also 3D geometric models representing anatomical entities as well as other symbolic information like the anatomical functions.
多种解剖模型已独立开发且用于不同目的。特别是，3D图形模型对于可视化构成人体的不同器官特别有用，而诸如FMA（解剖学基础模型）之类的本体是提供解剖学统一形式描述的符号模型。尽管FMA包含有关解剖结构的全面内容，但缺乏对解剖功能的形式描述限制了其在许多应用中的使用。此外，3D模型与解剖本体之间缺乏联系，使得设置和访问复杂3D对象的解剖内容既困难又耗时。
首先，我们提供了一种名为My Corporis Fabrica（MyCF）的新解剖本体，它符合FMA，但通过明确解剖结构的组成方式、它们如何对功能做出贡献以及它们如何与3D复杂对象相关联来对其进行扩展。其次，我们为MyCF配备了自动推理能力，可实现模型检查和复杂查询回答。我们说明了这种声明式方法在交互式模拟和可视化以及教学应用中的附加值。
我们在本文中开发的本体的新颖愿景使不同模型能够进行声明式组装，以获得保证在解剖学上有效的组合模型，同时捕捉人体解剖学的复杂性。这种方法的主要优点在于其声明性，这使得领域专家可以通过简单的编辑器随时丰富知识库，而无需更改算法机制。这为MyCF软件环境提供了灵活性，以便为各种应用有目的地处理和添加语义，这些应用不仅包含符号信息，还包含表示解剖实体的3D几何模型以及诸如解剖功能之类的其他符号信息。
