Galea Karen S, Davis Alice, Todd Davis, MacCalman Laura, McGonagle Carolyn, Cherrie John W
Institute of Occupational Medicine (IOM), Edinburgh, UK.
J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2014 Nov;24(6):665-72. doi: 10.1038/jes.2014.41. Epub 2014 Jun 18.
Consumer uses of fuels and lubricants in Europe are subject to the Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and restriction of CHemicals (REACH) legislation. Ten volunteers completed a series of exposure situations to simulate filling a vehicle fuel tank with diesel (ES1 Diesel), adding lubricant to a car engine (two situations, one filling point easier to reach (ES2 Easy) than the other (ES3 Hard)) and lubricating a bicycle chain (ES4 Bike). Dermal exposure to the hands and forearms was assessed using a wipe sampling method. A high proportion of samples was less than the limit of detection (ES1=38%, ES3=60%, ES2 and 4, both 78%). In ES1 Diesel, dermal exposure to the hands and forearms ranged from <0.25 μg/cm(2) to 96.21 μg/cm(2). Significantly higher dermal exposure was observed when a lower level of care was taken to complete the task. In ES2 Easy and ES3 Hard, the hand and forearm results ranged from <0.1 μg/cm(2) to 3.33 μg/cm(2) and from <0.1 μg/cm(2) to 3.54 μg/cm(2), respectively. In ES4 Bike, the hand and forearm exposures ranged from <0.35 μg/cm(2) to 5.25 μg/cm(2). Not all volunteers fully complied with the ES4 instructions, thus highlighting that this situation may have more variability in consumer behaviour. The ratio of the amount measured on the hands and forearms to the amount of product handled for ES1 Diesel, ES2 Easy and ES3 Hard was less than 0.0001%, for ES4 Bike it was 0.04%. Mixed effect models showed that the between and within volunteer variations are small for all except ES1 Diesel, where the within volunteer variation was relatively large (likely due to the few high measurements). This study reports dermal exposure measurement data, which will be of value when updating REACH and other exposure assessments for these, and similar, petroleum products.
欧洲消费者对燃料和润滑剂的使用受《化学品注册、评估、授权和限制法规》（REACH）的约束。十名志愿者完成了一系列暴露场景，以模拟给车辆油箱加注柴油（ES1柴油）、给汽车发动机添加润滑剂（两种场景，一个加注点比另一个更容易到达（ES2易）（ES3难））以及润滑自行车链条（ES4自行车）。使用擦拭采样法评估手部和前臂的皮肤暴露情况。大部分样本低于检测限（ES1 = 38%，ES3 = 60%，ES2和4均为78%）。在ES1柴油场景中，手部和前臂的皮肤暴露范围为<0.25μg/cm²至96.21μg/cm²。当完成任务时粗心程度较低时，观察到显著更高的皮肤暴露。在ES2易和ES3难场景中，手部和前臂的结果分别为<0.1μg/cm²至3.33μg/cm²和<0.1μg/cm²至3.54μg/cm²。在ES4自行车场景中，手部和前臂的暴露范围为<0.35μg/cm²至5.25μg/cm²。并非所有志愿者都完全遵守ES4的说明，因此突出表明这种情况在消费者行为方面可能具有更大的变异性。ES1柴油、ES2易和ES3难场景中，手部和前臂测量量与处理产品量的比率小于0.0001%，ES4自行车场景中该比率为0.04%。混合效应模型表明，除ES1柴油外，所有场景中志愿者之间和志愿者内部的变异性都较小，在ES1柴油场景中志愿者内部变异性相对较大（可能是由于少数高测量值）。本研究报告了皮肤暴露测量数据，这对于更新REACH以及这些和类似石油产品的其他暴露评估将具有价值。
