Kromhout H, Vermeulen R
Institute of Risk Assessment Sciences, Environmental and Occupational Health Group, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Ann Occup Hyg. 2001 Jun;45(4):257-73.
A database of dermal exposure measurements (DERMDAT) comprising data from 20 surveys was created. The majority of dermal exposure measurements were from agricultural settings in which workers' exposure to pesticides was investigated. Other data came from studies of workers exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (e.g. coke-oven workers and paving workers) and from studies of subjects exposed to complex mixtures (rubber industry). The database contains approximately 6400 observations. Grouping the workers by job title, factory and body location and excluding groups with more than 25% data below the limit of detection, or with less than two workers with at least two repeats, resulted in 283 groups with 1065 workers and 2716 measurements. Analyses of variability showed median values of the total, within- and between-worker geometric standard deviations of respectively 2.55, 1.98 and 1.47, strikingly similar to what has been published previously for respiratory exposure. Within-worker variability ((w)S(2)y) was in general higher than between-worker variability ((b)S(2)y) in dermal exposure levels. Agricultural groups of re-entry workers showed very little to no between-worker variability, while industrial groups did show some variability in individual mean exposures (range (b)S(2)y=0.15-0.29). When the between-body-location component (bl)S(2)y) was also addressed, it turned out to be the most prominent component (median (b)S(2)y=0.004; median (w)S(2)y=0.12; median (bl)S(2)y=0.34). In agriculture the between-body-location component was smaller than in industry. Day-to-day variability in dermal exposure levels appeared to be significant for specific locations, but not for the average of several body-location. Underlying exposure scenarios (transfer and deposition) also played an important role.
创建了一个包含20项调查数据的皮肤暴露测量数据库（DERMDAT）。大多数皮肤暴露测量数据来自农业环境，在这些环境中对工人接触农药的情况进行了调查。其他数据来自对接触多环芳烃的工人（如炼焦炉工人和铺路工人）的研究，以及对接触复杂混合物的受试者（橡胶行业）的研究。该数据库包含约6400条观测数据。按工作岗位、工厂和身体部位对工人进行分组，并排除数据低于检测限25%以上或工人少于两名且至少有两次重复测量的组，得到283个组，共1065名工人和2716次测量。变异性分析显示，总几何标准差、工人内部几何标准差和工人之间几何标准差的中位数分别为2.55、1.98和1.47，与之前发表的呼吸道暴露数据惊人地相似。在皮肤暴露水平方面，工人内部变异性（(w)S(2)y）总体上高于工人之间变异性（(b)S(2)y）。再次进入工作的农业组工人之间的变异性很小或几乎没有，而工业组在个体平均暴露方面确实存在一些变异性（范围(b)S(2)y = 0.15 - 0.29）。当考虑身体部位之间的变异性成分((bl)S(2)y)时，结果发现它是最显著的成分（中位数(b)S(2)y = 0.004；中位数(w)S(2)y = 0.12；中位数(bl)S(2)y = 0.34）。在农业中，身体部位之间的变异性成分比工业中要小。皮肤暴露水平的日常变异性在特定部位似乎很显著，但对于多个身体部位的平均值而言并不显著。潜在的暴露情况（转移和沉积）也起到了重要作用。
