Spear Mark, Wu Yuntao
National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular and Microbiology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA.
Virol Sin. 2014 Jun;29(3):139-47. doi: 10.1007/s12250-014-3476-0. Epub 2014 Jun 6.
As a fundamental component of the host cellular cytoskeleton, actin is routinely engaged by infecting viruses. Furthermore, viruses from diverse groups, and infecting diverse hosts, have convergently evolved an array of mechanisms for manipulating the actin cytoskeleton for efficacious infection. An ongoing chorus of research now indicates that the actin cytoskeleton is critical for viral replication at many stages of the viral life cycle, including binding, entry, nuclear localization, genomic transcription and reverse transcription, assembly, and egress/dissemination. Specifically, viruses subvert the force-generating and macromolecular scaffolding properties of the actin cytoskeleton to propel viral surfing, internalization, and migration within the cell. Additionally, viruses utilize the actin cytoskeleton to support and organize assembly sites, and eject budding virions for cell-to-cell transmission. It is the purpose of this review to provide an overview of current research, focusing on the various mechanisms and themes of virus-mediated actin modulation described therein.
作为宿主细胞细胞骨架的基本组成部分，肌动蛋白经常被感染病毒所利用。此外，来自不同病毒组、感染不同宿主的病毒已经趋同进化出一系列操纵肌动蛋白细胞骨架以实现有效感染的机制。目前不断涌现的大量研究表明，肌动蛋白细胞骨架在病毒生命周期的许多阶段对病毒复制至关重要，包括结合、进入、核定位、基因组转录和逆转录、组装以及释放/传播。具体而言，病毒颠覆肌动蛋白细胞骨架的力产生和大分子支架特性，以推动病毒在细胞内的冲浪、内化和迁移。此外，病毒利用肌动蛋白细胞骨架来支持和组织组装位点，并排出出芽的病毒粒子以进行细胞间传播。本综述的目的是概述当前的研究，重点关注其中描述的病毒介导的肌动蛋白调节的各种机制和主题。
