Krustrup P, Hansen P R, Nielsen C M, Larsen M N, Randers M B, Manniche V, Hansen L, Dvorak J, Bangsbo J
Copenhagen Centre for Team Sport and Health, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, St. Luke's Campus, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2014 Aug;24 Suppl 1:4-9. doi: 10.1111/sms.12277.
The present study investigated the cardiac effects of a 10-week football training intervention for school children aged 9-10 years using comprehensive transthoracic echocardiography as a part of a larger ongoing study. A total of 97 pupils from four school classes were cluster-randomized into a control group that maintained their usual activities (CON; two classes, n = 51, 21 boys and 30 girls) and a football training group that performed an additional 3 × 40 min of small-sided football training per week (FT; two classes, n = 46, 23 boys and 23 girls). No baseline differences were observed in age, body composition, or echocardiographic variables between FT and CON. After the 10-week intervention, left ventricular posterior wall diameter was increased in FT compared with CON [0.4 ± 0.7 vs -0.1 ± 0.6 (± SD) mm; P < 0.01] as was the interventricular septum thickness (0.2 ± 0.7 vs -0.2 ± 0.8 mm; P < 0.001). Global isovolumetric relaxation time increased more in FT than in CON (3.8 ± 10.4 vs -0.9 ± 6.6 ms, P < 0.05) while the change in ventricular systolic ejection fraction tended to be higher (1.4 ± 8.0 vs -1.1 ± 5.5%; P = 0.08). No changes were observed in resting heart rate or blood pressure. In conclusion, a short-term, school-based intervention comprising small-sided football sessions resulted in significant structural and functional cardiac adaptations in pre-adolescent children.
本研究作为一项正在进行的大型研究的一部分，采用全面经胸超声心动图，调查了为期10周的足球训练干预对9至10岁学童心脏的影响。来自四个班级的97名学生被整群随机分为对照组（CON；两个班级，n = 51，21名男生和30名女生），对照组维持其日常活动，以及足球训练组（FT；两个班级，n = 46，23名男生和23名女生），足球训练组每周额外进行3次，每次40分钟的小型足球训练。FT组和CON组在年龄、身体成分或超声心动图变量方面未观察到基线差异。经过10周的干预后，与CON组相比，FT组的左心室后壁直径增加[0.4±0.7对 -0.1±0.6（±标准差）mm；P < 0.01]，室间隔厚度也增加（0.2±0.7对 -0.2±0.8 mm；P < 0.001）。FT组的整体等容舒张时间比CON组增加得更多（3.8±10.4对 -0.9±6.6 ms，P < 0.05），而心室收缩射血分数的变化趋势更高（1.4±8.0对 -1.1±5.5%；P = 0.08）。静息心率或血压未观察到变化。总之，一项包括小型足球训练课程的短期、基于学校的干预在青春期前儿童中导致了显著的心脏结构和功能适应性变化。
