Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Copenhagen Centre for Team Sport and Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2020 Nov-Dec;63(6):813-817. doi: 10.1016/j.pcad.2020.05.011. Epub 2020 Jun 1.
The present study examined cardiovascular adaptations in 8-10-year-old schoolchildren after a full school year (10 months) of 5 × 12 min/wk. of intense physical training, including small-sided ball games (soccer, basketball and floorball) or interval running. The study involved 8-10-year-old healthy Danish schoolchildren (n = 232), who were cluster-randomized to a small-sided games group (SSG, n = 60), an interval running group (IR, n = 57) or a control group (CON, n = 115). Comprehensive transthoracic echocardiography, resting heart rate and blood pressure measurements were performed at baseline and post intervention. For interval running, analysis of baseline-to-10-months changes showed significant (P < 0.05) between-group differences in delta scores for diastolic blood pressure (BP) and mean arterial BP (IR -3.2 ± 5.7 and - 2.2 ± 6.5 mmHg vs. CON 0.2 ± 5.3 and 0.4 ± 6.4 mmHg, respectively). Delta scores also showed a trend for reduction of mean arterial BP in SSG compared to CON (-2.1 ± 6.0 vs. 0.2 ± 5.3 mmHg, P = 0.067). Moreover, there were between-group differences in delta scores (P < 0.05) for selected echocardiographic parameters, i.e. in SSG vs. CON for interventricular septum thickness and peak transmitral flow velocity in early diastole, and in IR vs. CON for left ventricular systolic diameter. In conclusion, 10 months of 5 × 12 min/wk. of IR in 8-10-year-old children decreased diastolic BP, while both IR and SSG elicited cardiac adaptations. The results suggest that frequent low volume, intense physical training can have effects on the cardiovascular health profile in healthy children.
本研究旨在探讨经过一学年（10 个月）每周 5 次、每次 12 分钟的高强度体能训练（包括小场地球类运动[足球、篮球和地滚球]或间歇跑）后，8-10 岁学龄儿童的心血管适应性变化。该研究纳入了 8-10 岁的健康丹麦学龄儿童（n=232），他们被整群随机分为小场地球类运动组（SSG，n=60）、间歇跑组（IR，n=57）或对照组（CON，n=115）。在基线和干预后进行全面的经胸超声心动图、静息心率和血压测量。对于间歇跑，与基线至 10 个月的变化相比，舒张压（BP）和平均动脉 BP 的差值评分在组间存在显著差异（P<0.05）（IR 组为-3.2±5.7 和-2.2±6.5mmHg，CON 组为 0.2±5.3 和 0.4±6.4mmHg）。SSG 组与 CON 组相比，平均动脉 BP 的差值评分也呈下降趋势（-2.1±6.0 与 0.2±5.3mmHg，P=0.067）。此外，在某些超声心动图参数方面，组间差值评分存在差异（P<0.05），即 SSG 组与 CON 组相比，室间隔厚度和舒张早期二尖瓣前向血流速度峰值，IR 组与 CON 组相比，左心室收缩直径。总之，10 个月每周 5 次、每次 12 分钟的 IR 可降低 8-10 岁儿童的舒张压，而 IR 和 SSG 均能引起心脏适应性变化。结果表明，频繁的低容量、高强度体能训练可能对健康儿童的心血管健康状况产生影响。
