Michalsik L B, Aagaard P
Department of Public Health, Section of Sport Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark -
J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2015 Sep;55(9):878-91. Epub 2014 Jun 19.
The aim of the present study was to examine potential differences in the physical demands imposed on male vs. female adult elite team handball players during match-play.
Male and female elite team handball players were monitored over a six and five season time span, respectively. Each player was evaluated during match-play by use of video recording and subsequent computerized locomotive and technical match analysis. Furthermore, physiological measurements during match-play, physical testing and anthropometric measurements were performed.
Female players (FP, N.=82) covered a longer mean total distance per match (4693±333 m, group means±SD) compared to male players (MP, N.=83, 3945±538 m) when playing full time (P<0.01). FP exercised at a greater relative workload (79.4% of VO2-max) than MP (70.9% of VO2-max, P<0.05), but performed less high-intense running per match (2.5% of total distance covered) than MP (7.9%, P<0.01). FP also spent less time standing still (10.8% of total effective playing time) compared to MP (36.9%, P<0.001) and showed fewer activity changes (663.8±99.7) compared to MP (1482.4±312.6, P<0.001). MP received more tackles in total in offence (34.5±21.3) and performed more tackles in total in defence (29.9±12.3) compared to FP (14.6±9.2, 20.7±9.7, P<0.05). Furthermore, MP performed more high-intense technical playing actions per match (36.9±13.1) than FP (28.3±11.0, P<0.05). The mean body height and body mass differed between MP (189.6±5.8 cm, 91.7±7.5 kg) and FP (175.4±6.1 cm, 69.5±6.5 kg, P<0.001).
Substantial gender-specific differences in the physical demands in elite team handball were observed, with MP performing more high-intense, strength-related playing actions and high-intensity running than FP. Conversely, FP covered a greater total distance and demonstrated a higher relative workload than MP. The physical training of male and female elite team handball players should be designed to reflect these contrasting needs.
本研究旨在探讨成年精英男子与女子团队手球运动员在比赛中身体需求的潜在差异。
分别在六个赛季和五个赛季的时间跨度内对精英男子和女子团队手球运动员进行监测。通过视频记录以及随后的计算机化运动和技术比赛分析，在比赛期间对每位运动员进行评估。此外，还进行了比赛期间的生理测量、体能测试和人体测量。
全职比赛时，与男子运动员（MP，N = 83，3945±538米）相比，女子运动员（FP，N = 82）每场比赛的平均总跑动距离更长（4693±333米，组均值±标准差）（P < 0.01）。女子运动员的相对工作量（最大摄氧量的79.4%）高于男子运动员（最大摄氧量的70.9%，P < 0.05），但每场比赛的高强度跑动距离（占总跑动距离的2.5%）少于男子运动员（7.9%，P < 0.01）。与男子运动员（总有效比赛时间的36.9%）相比，女子运动员站立不动的时间也更少（总有效比赛时间的10.8%，P < 0.001），且活动变化次数更少（663.8±99.7次）（男子运动员为1482.4±312.6次，P < 0.001）。与女子运动员（进攻总抢断次数为14.6±9.2次，防守总抢断次数为20.7±9.7次）相比，男子运动员在进攻中的总抢断次数更多（34.5±21.3次），在防守中的总抢断次数也更多（29.9±12.3次）（P < 0.05）。此外，男子运动员每场比赛的高强度技术动作更多（36.9±13.1次），多于女子运动员（28.3±11.0次，P < 0.05）。男子运动员（身高189.6±5.8厘米，体重91.7±7.5千克）与女子运动员（身高175.4±6.1厘米，体重69.5±6.5千克，P < 0.001）的平均身高和体重存在差异。
观察到精英团队手球运动中存在显著的性别特异性身体需求差异，男子运动员比女子运动员进行更多高强度、与力量相关的比赛动作和高强度跑动。相反，女子运动员的总跑动距离更长，相对工作量更高。精英男子和女子团队手球运动员的体能训练应根据这些不同需求进行设计。
