Michalsik Lars B, Aagaard Per, Madsen Klavs
1Department of Public Health, Section of Sport Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; 2Institute of Sport Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Muscle Physiology and Biomechanics Research Unit, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; and 3Department of Food and Nutrition and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
J Strength Cond Res. 2015 Apr;29(4):1126-38. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000000735.
To determine the physical demands placed on female elite team handball (TH) players in relation to playing position and body anthropometry, female elite TH primarily field players were monitored during match-play using video recording and subsequent computerized technical match analysis during 5 regular tournament match seasons. Technical match activities were distributed in 6 major types of playing actions (shots, breakthroughs, fast breaks, technical errors, defensive errors, and tackles) and further divided into various subcategories (e.g., type of shot, hard or light tackles, claspings, screenings, and blockings). Furthermore, anthropometric measurements were performed. Each player had 28.3 ± 11.0 (group means ± SD) high-intense playing actions per match with a total effective playing time of 50.70 ± 5.83 minutes. On average, each player made 2.8 ± 2.6 fast breaks, gave 7.9 ± 14.4 screenings, received 14.6 ± 9.2 tackles in total, and performed 7.7 ± 3.7 shots while in offense, along with 3.5 ± 3.8 blockings, 1.9 ± 2.7 claspings, and 6.2 ± 3.8 hard tackles in defense. Mean body height, body mass, and age in the Danish Premier Female Team Handball League were 175.4 ± 6.1 cm, 69.5 ± 6.5 kg, and 25.4 ± 3.7 years, respectively. Wing players were lighter (63.5 ± 4.8 kg, p < 0.001) and smaller (169.3 ± 4.9 cm, p < 0.001) than backcourt players (BP) (70.6 ± 5.3 kg, 177.0 ± 5.4 cm) and pivots (PV) (72.5 ± 4.9 kg, 177.7 ± 4.9 cm). In conclusion, the present match observations revealed that female elite TH players during competitive games intermittently perform a high number of short-term, high-intense technical playing actions making modern female elite TH a physically demanding team sport. No sign of technical fatigue were observed, since the amount of intense technical playing actions remained unchanged in the second half. Marked positional differences in the physical demands were demonstrated, with wing players performing more fast breaks and less physical confrontations than BP and PV. Body anthropometry differed substantially between different playing positions. Consequently, this should lead to an increase in physical training in modern female elite TH directed at specific positions and individual physical capacity.
为了确定与比赛位置和身体人体测量学相关的女子精英团队手球（TH）运动员的身体需求，在5个常规锦标赛赛季的比赛期间，使用视频记录和随后的计算机化技术比赛分析对女子精英TH主要场上球员进行了监测。技术比赛活动分为6种主要比赛动作类型（射门、突破、快攻、技术失误、防守失误和抢断），并进一步细分为各种子类别（例如，射门类型、硬式或轻式抢断、抱人、掩护和阻挡）。此外，还进行了人体测量。每位球员每场比赛有28.3±11.0（组均值±标准差）次高强度比赛动作，总有效比赛时间为50.70±5.83分钟。平均而言，每位球员在进攻时进行2.8±2.6次快攻、7.9±14.4次掩护、总共受到14.6±9.2次抢断，以及进行7.7±3.7次射门，同时在防守时进行3.5±3.8次阻挡、1.9±2.7次抱人以及6.2±3.8次硬式抢断。丹麦女子超级团队手球联赛中球员的平均身高、体重和年龄分别为175.4±6.1厘米、69.5±6.5千克和25.4±3.7岁。边锋比后场球员（BP）（70.6±5.3千克，177.0±5.4厘米）和中锋（PV）（72.5±4.9千克，177.7±4.9厘米）更轻（63.5±4.8千克，p<0.001）且更矮（169.3±4.9厘米，p<0.001）。总之，目前的比赛观察结果表明，女子精英TH球员在竞技比赛中会间歇性地执行大量短期、高强度的技术比赛动作，这使得现代女子精英TH成为一项对身体要求很高的团队运动。未观察到技术疲劳的迹象，因为下半场高强度技术比赛动作的数量保持不变。比赛中身体需求存在明显的位置差异，边锋比BP和PV进行更多的快攻且身体对抗更少。不同比赛位置的身体人体测量学存在显著差异。因此，这应该会导致现代女子精英TH针对特定位置和个人身体能力的体能训练增加。
