Shirani Dastjerdi Ali, Esmaeili Hamed, Sadeghi Morteza, Bashiri Behzad
Department of Sport Injuries and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, International University of Science and Technology in Kuwait, Ardiya, Kuwait.
PLoS One. 2025 May 19;20(5):e0323978. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0323978. eCollection 2025.
Knee and ankle injuries are the most common injuries in handball players. Many of these injuries occur toward the end of the game when fatigue sets in. The underlying mechanisms of this phenomenon are not well understood. This study investigated the effect of a handball match-simulation protocol on the hamstring-to-quadriceps (H:Q) and evertor-to-invertor (E:I) peak torque ratios. Thirty professional male handball players from Iranian super league teams participated in this study. Isokinetic concentric peak torque of the hamstrings, quadriceps, ankle invertor, and ankle evertors were measured at angular velocities of 60, 120, and 180 deg/s before and after the simulated handball match-induced fatigue protocol using a Biodex Isokinetic Dynamometer. Peak torque ratio of H:Q and E:I were calculated and compared between pre- and post-fatigue conditions. Fatigue significantly reduced H:Q peak torque ratio at 60 (p = 0.049), 120 (p = 0.002) and 180 (p = 0.014) deg/s, as well as E:I peak torque ratio at 60 (p = 0.010), 120 (p = 0.003) and 180 (p = 0.003) deg/s. These changes could contribute to an increased risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears and lateral ankle sprains. Given the greater reduction in the H:Q peak torque ratio in hamstring muscles, targeted strengthening and improving the endurance of these muscles is recommended for professional handball players to mitigate fatigue effects.
膝关节和踝关节损伤是手球运动员中最常见的损伤。其中许多损伤发生在比赛接近尾声、疲劳出现之时。这一现象的潜在机制尚未完全明确。本研究调查了手球比赛模拟方案对腘绳肌与股四头肌（H:Q）以及外翻肌与内翻肌（E:I）峰值扭矩比的影响。来自伊朗超级联赛球队的30名职业男性手球运动员参与了本研究。在使用Biodex等速测力计进行模拟手球比赛诱发疲劳方案前后，分别以60、120和180度/秒的角速度测量腘绳肌、股四头肌、踝关节内翻肌和踝关节外翻肌的等速向心峰值扭矩。计算并比较疲劳前后H:Q和E:I的峰值扭矩比。疲劳显著降低了60（p = 0.049）、120（p = 0.002）和180（p = 0.014）度/秒时的H:Q峰值扭矩比，以及60（p = 0.010）、120（p = 0.003）和180（p = 0.003）度/秒时的E:I峰值扭矩比。这些变化可能会增加前交叉韧带（ACL）撕裂和外侧踝关节扭伤的风险。鉴于腘绳肌中H:Q峰值扭矩比下降幅度更大，建议职业手球运动员针对性地加强并提高这些肌肉的耐力，以减轻疲劳影响。
