Niżański W, Levy X, Ochota M, Pasikowska J
Department of Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland.
Reprod Domest Anim. 2014 Jun;49 Suppl 2:8-15. doi: 10.1111/rda.12297.
The two most frequent prostatic diseases in dogs are benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostatitis. Prostatitis requires prolonged antibiotic treatment. In acute prostatitis, the blood-prostate barrier is broken, thus facilitating the penetration of antibiotics, whereas in chronic prostatitis, the barrier prevents the penetration of many drugs into the gland. The selection of antibiotic agents is based on the sensitivity test and the drug's ability to penetrate into the gland. Many protocols for the treatment of BPH are available. In non-breeding dogs, surgical and optionally pharmacological castration by means of GnRH agonists may be performed. In breeding dogs, drugs retaining fertility are used. Recently, androgen receptor antagonistic treatment with osaterone acetate has been applied. Other drugs used for BPH treatment include progestagens, oestrogens, antioestrogens and 5α-reductase inhibitors. Some of these compounds may provoke severe side effects. The efficiency of GnRH antagonists used for the treatment of prostatic diseases, such as neoplasia and BPH, in humans has been recently investigated in dogs. This androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is devoid of an initial exacerbation of androgen-dependent symptoms, which is typical for GnRH agonistic treatment. In many cases, BPH and prostatitis must be treated simultaneously as these conditions may develop in combination.
犬类中最常见的两种前列腺疾病是良性前列腺增生（BPH）和前列腺炎。前列腺炎需要长期使用抗生素治疗。在急性前列腺炎中，血 - 前列腺屏障被破坏，从而有利于抗生素的渗透，而在慢性前列腺炎中，该屏障会阻止许多药物进入腺体。抗生素的选择基于敏感性试验以及药物渗透到腺体的能力。有许多治疗BPH的方案。对于非繁殖犬，可以进行手术阉割，也可以选择通过促性腺激素释放激素（GnRH）激动剂进行药物阉割。对于繁殖犬，则使用保留生育能力的药物。最近，已应用醋酸奥生多龙进行雄激素受体拮抗治疗。用于治疗BPH的其他药物包括孕激素、雌激素、抗雌激素和5α - 还原酶抑制剂。其中一些化合物可能会引发严重的副作用。最近在犬类中研究了用于治疗前列腺疾病（如肿瘤和BPH）的GnRH拮抗剂在人类中的有效性。这种雄激素剥夺疗法（ADT）没有GnRH激动剂治疗典型的雄激素依赖性症状的初始加重情况。在许多情况下，BPH和前列腺炎必须同时治疗，因为这些病症可能会合并出现。
