Mayrhofer Ralf, Waldmann Michael R
Department of Psychology, University of Göttingen, Germany.
Department of Psychology, University of Göttingen, Germany.
Cognition. 2014 Sep;132(3):485-90. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2014.05.013. Epub 2014 Jun 20.
The question how agent and patient roles are assigned to causal participants has largely been neglected in the psychological literature on force dynamics. Inspired by the linguistic theory of Dowty (1991), we propose that agency attributions are based on a prototype concept of human intervention. We predicted that the number of criteria a participant in a causal interaction shares with this prototype determines the strength of agency intuitions. We showed in two experiments using versions of Michotte's (1963) launching scenarios that agency intuitions were moderated by manipulations of the context prior to the launching event. Altering features, such as relative movement, sequence of visibility, and self-propelled motion, tended to increase agency attributions to the participant that is normally viewed as patient in the standard scenario.
在关于力动态的心理学文献中，因果参与者如何被赋予施事和受事角色的问题在很大程度上被忽视了。受道蒂（1991）语言理论的启发，我们提出，施事归因基于人类干预的原型概念。我们预测，因果互动中的参与者与该原型共有的标准数量决定了施事直觉的强度。我们在两项实验中使用了米乔特（1963）的启动场景版本，结果表明，施事直觉受到启动事件之前背景操纵的调节。改变诸如相对运动、可见顺序和自行运动等特征，往往会增加对在标准场景中通常被视为受事的参与者的施事归因。
