Palamar Joseph J, Kamboukos Dimitra
New York University Langone Medical Center, Department of Population Health , New York , USA.
Subst Use Misuse. 2014 Nov;49(13):1774-83. doi: 10.3109/10826084.2014.926933. Epub 2014 Jun 23.
Although ecstasy (MDMA) use is not as prevalent in the United States (US) as it was in the early 2000s, use remains popular among adolescents and young adults. Few recent studies have examined ecstasy use in national samples among those at particularly high risk for use-adolescents approaching adulthood. Research is needed to delineate sociodemographic correlates of use in this group.
Data were examined from a nationally representative sample of high school seniors in the US (modal age = 18) from the Monitoring the Future study (years 2007-2012; weighted N = 26,504). Data from all cohorts were aggregated and correlates of recent (last 12-month) use of ecstasy were examined.
Roughly 4.4% of high school seniors reported use of ecstasy within the last year. Females and religious students were consistently at lower odds for use. Black and Hispanic students, and students residing with two parents, were at lower odds for ecstasy use, until controlling for other drug use. Odds of use were consistently increased for those residing in a city, students with weekly income of >$50 from a job, and students earning >$10 weekly from other sources. Lifetime use of alcohol, cigarettes, marijuana, and other illicit drugs each robustly increased odds of ecstasy use.
Subgroups of high school seniors, defined by specific sociodemographic factors, and those who have used other drugs, are currently at high risk for ecstasy initiation and use. Since ecstasy is regaining popularity in the US, prevention efforts should consider these factors.
尽管摇头丸（MDMA）在美国的使用不像21世纪初那样普遍，但在青少年和年轻人中仍然很受欢迎。最近很少有研究在全国样本中调查接近成年的青少年这一特别高风险使用者群体中的摇头丸使用情况。需要开展研究来确定该群体中与使用相关的社会人口学因素。
数据来自美国高中生全国代表性样本（中位年龄 = 18岁）的“未来监测”研究（2007 - 2012年；加权N = 26,504）。汇总所有队列的数据，并研究摇头丸近期（过去12个月）使用的相关因素。
大约4.4%的高中生报告在过去一年中使用过摇头丸。女性和有宗教信仰的学生使用摇头丸的几率一直较低。黑人和西班牙裔学生以及与双亲同住的学生，在控制其他药物使用之前，使用摇头丸的几率较低。居住在城市的学生、每周通过工作收入超过50美元的学生以及每周从其他来源赚取超过10美元的学生使用摇头丸的几率持续增加。终生使用酒精、香烟、大麻和其他非法药物均显著增加了使用摇头丸的几率。
由特定社会人口学因素定义的高中生亚组以及那些使用过其他药物的学生，目前开始使用和使用摇头丸的风险很高。由于摇头丸在美国正重新流行，预防工作应考虑这些因素。
