Lyudinina A Y, Eseva T V, Potolitsyna N N, Chernykh A A, Bojko E R
Institute of Physiology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Russia.
Ecological and Medical Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Russia.
Rural Remote Health. 2014;14(2):2539. Epub 2014 Jun 24.
The goal of this study was to examine the fatty acid (FA) composition of the total plasma lipids of the native inhabitants of the Russian European North, taking into consideration the differences in lifestyles and nutritional habits as well as the interrelationship between the plasma FA profile and nutrition.
In total, 78 native residents of the Russian European North (61 men and 17 women) from two regions of Komi Republic of Northern Russia (Izhma settlement and city Syktyvkar), aged 25-45 years, were included in this study. The Izhma group consisted of reindeer herders (17 men and 17 women). The comparison group (44 men) consisted of citizens of Syktyvkar. Venous blood plasma after overnight fasting was used for analysis of glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, vitamins and total FA composition. A modified questionnaire 'Seafood and the health of the people of the North' was used for the assessment of nutrition.
The levels of total FAs in the blood plasma of Indigenous inhabitants of Russian European North were at the lower border of the reference range. In the Izhma group, levels of n-3 eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (1.3/0.9-1.8; p<0.001) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (2.2/1.5-2.8; p=0.025), n-7 palmitoleic FA (2.3/1.9-2.5; p<0.001) were higher than in the Syktyvkar group. At the same time, levels of n-6 linoleic acid (32.1/29.2-35.5; p=0.003) were significantly lower in the male reindeer herders of Izhma. Comparison of the nutritional habits of both groups revealed larger consumption of fish, meat and reindeer fat (p<0.001), eggs (p=0.004), high-carbohydrate products (white bread (p=0.033) and macaroni (p<0.001)) by reindeer herders of Izhma. The participants in the urban group demonstrated higher consumption of fruits (p<0.001), butter (p=0.013), cultured milk foods (p=0.010) and vegetables (p=0.009).
The results of the study showed more beneficial n-6/n-3 FA ratios in reindeer herders of Russian European North than in urban inhabitants. Higher plasma polyunsaturated n-3 FA (EPA, DHA) levels in reindeer herders who had more fish in their diet were demonstrated. In addition, inland reindeer herders showed higher palmitoleic acid levels and lower linoleic acid levels in blood total lipids than urban inhabitants. The nutritional features and environmental conditions were assumed to have the greatest effects on plasma FA profiles and lipid metabolism in the Indigenous inhabitants of Russian European North.
本研究的目的是研究俄罗斯欧洲北部原住民血浆总脂质中的脂肪酸（FA）组成，同时考虑生活方式和营养习惯的差异以及血浆FA谱与营养之间的相互关系。
本研究共纳入了来自俄罗斯北部科米共和国两个地区（伊日马定居点和瑟克特夫卡尔市）的78名俄罗斯欧洲北部原住民（61名男性和17名女性），年龄在25至45岁之间。伊日马组由驯鹿牧民组成（17名男性和17名女性）。对照组（44名男性）由瑟克特夫卡尔市的居民组成。过夜禁食后的静脉血浆用于分析葡萄糖、胆固醇、甘油三酯、维生素和总FA组成。使用一份经过修改的问卷“海鲜与北方人民的健康”来评估营养状况。
俄罗斯欧洲北部原住民血浆中的总FA水平处于参考范围的下限。在伊日马组中，n-3二十碳五烯酸（EPA）（1.3/ 0.9 - 1.8；p < 0.001）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）（2.2/1.5 - 2.8；p = 0.025）、n-7棕榈油酸（2.3/1.9 - 2.5；p < 0.001）的水平高于瑟克特夫卡尔组。同时，伊日马的男性驯鹿牧民中n-6亚油酸（32.1/29.2 - 35.5；p = 0.003）的水平显著较低。两组营养习惯的比较显示，伊日马的驯鹿牧民食用更多的鱼、肉和驯鹿脂肪（p < 0.001）、鸡蛋（p = 0.004）、高碳水化合物产品（白面包（p = 0.033）和通心粉（p < 0.001））。城市组的参与者食用更多的水果（p < 0.001）、黄油（p = 0.013）、发酵乳制品（p = 0.010）和蔬菜（p = 0.009）。
研究结果表明，俄罗斯欧洲北部的驯鹿牧民中n-6/n-3 FA比值比城市居民更有益。饮食中鱼类较多的驯鹿牧民血浆中多不饱和n-3 FA（EPA、DHA）水平较高。此外，内陆驯鹿牧民血液总脂质中的棕榈油酸水平高于城市居民，亚油酸水平低于城市居民。营养特征和环境条件被认为对俄罗斯欧洲北部原住民的血浆FA谱和脂质代谢影响最大。
