Nilsen H, Utsi E, Bønaa K H
Department of Nutrition, Tromsø Regional Hospital, Norway.
Int J Circumpolar Health. 1999 Apr;58(2):120-33.
The Samis are an ethnic minority living in the Northern region of Norway, Sweden, Finland and Russia. Traditionally the Samis made their living from reindeer herding with some fishing and agriculture. Earlier studies have shown that their diet consisted of large amounts of reindeer meat, some fish and wild berries with low intakes of other fruits, vegetables and dairy products. Due to the introduction of technical improvements like snowmobiles and terrain vehicles which makes moving with the herd less necessary, their lifestyle has changed. There is little documentation how this has affected their dietary habits. In this study, the dietary pattern and nutrient intake of a group of Samis (n = 75) living in traditional reindeer herding areas of North Norway were investigated and compared with that of a group of Norwegians (n = 65). Dietary information was obtained through an interview by a nutritionist using the dietary history method. The findings indicate that nutrient content of the Sami diet is adequate except for folic acid. Calcium and iron intake was slightly below recommended levels for Sami females. There seems to be some difference between the diet of the Samis and Norwegians. The Samis consume more meat, fat, table sugar and coffee and less fruits and vegetables. The dietary pattern of the Samis seems, however, to be changing toward a more typically Norwegian diet.
萨米人是生活在挪威北部、瑞典、芬兰和俄罗斯的一个少数民族。传统上，萨米人以驯鹿放牧为生，兼营一些渔业和农业。早期研究表明，他们的饮食包括大量驯鹿肉、一些鱼类和野生浆果，而其他水果、蔬菜和乳制品的摄入量较低。由于雪地摩托和地形车辆等技术改进的引入，使得跟随鹿群迁移变得不那么必要，他们的生活方式发生了变化。关于这如何影响他们饮食习惯的文献记载很少。在这项研究中，对居住在挪威北部传统驯鹿放牧地区的一组萨米人（n = 75）的饮食模式和营养摄入进行了调查，并与一组挪威人（n = 65）进行了比较。饮食信息通过营养师采用饮食史方法进行访谈获得。研究结果表明，萨米人的饮食营养成分除叶酸外是充足的。萨米女性的钙和铁摄入量略低于推荐水平。萨米人和挪威人的饮食似乎存在一些差异。萨米人食用更多的肉类、脂肪、食糖和咖啡，而水果和蔬菜的摄入量较少。然而，萨米人的饮食模式似乎正在向更典型的挪威饮食转变。
