Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, 26 rue d'Ulm, Paris F-75248, France; INSERM U932, Paris F-75248, France.
Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, 26 rue d'Ulm, Paris F-75248, France; INSERM U932, Paris F-75248, France; Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL*), Paris F-75005, France.
Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2014 Aug;29:116-25. doi: 10.1016/j.ceb.2014.05.004. Epub 2014 Jun 22.
Although observed for several decades, the release of membrane-enclosed vesicles by cells into their surrounding environment has been the subject of increasing interest in the past few years, which led to the creation, in 2012, of a scientific society dedicated to the subject: the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles. Convincing evidence that vesicles allow exchange of complex information fuelled this rise in interest. But it has also become clear that different types of secreted vesicles co-exist, with different intracellular origins and modes of formation, and thus probably different compositions and functions. Exosomes are one sub-type of secreted vesicles. They form inside eukaryotic cells in multivesicular compartments, and are secreted when these compartments fuse with the plasma membrane. Interestingly, different families of molecules have been shown to allow intracellular formation of exosomes and their subsequent secretion, which suggests that even among exosomes different sub-types exist.
尽管几十年来一直观察到细胞将膜包裹的囊泡释放到周围环境中，但在过去几年中，人们对这一现象的兴趣日益增加，这导致 2012 年成立了一个专门研究该主题的科学学会：国际细胞外囊泡学会。令人信服的证据表明，囊泡允许复杂信息的交换，这激发了人们的兴趣。但也很明显，不同类型的分泌囊泡共存，它们具有不同的细胞内起源和形成方式，因此可能具有不同的组成和功能。外泌体是一种分泌囊泡。它们在内质网中形成多泡小体，并在这些小体与质膜融合时被分泌出来。有趣的是，已经表明不同家族的分子可以允许外泌体的细胞内形成及其随后的分泌，这表明即使在外泌体中也存在不同的亚型。
