Bezodis Neil Edward, Salo Aki Ilkka Tapio, Trewartha Grant
a Sport, Health, and Exercise Science , University of Bath , Bath , UK.
Eur J Sport Sci. 2015;15(2):118-24. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2014.928915. Epub 2014 Jun 25.
This study investigated lower-limb kinematics to explain the techniques used to achieve high levels of sprint start performance. A cross-sectional design was used to examine relationships between specific technique variables and horizontal external power production during the block phase. Video data were collected (200 Hz) at the training sessions of 16 sprinters who ranged in 100 m personal best times from 9.98 to 11.6 s. Each sprinter performed three 30 m sprints and reliable (all intraclass correlation coefficients, ICC(2,3) ≥ 0.89) lower-limb kinematic data were obtained through manual digitising. The front leg joints extended in a proximal-to-distal pattern for 15 sprinters, and a moderate positive relationship existed between peak front hip angular velocity and block power (r = 0.49, 90% confidence limits = 0.08-0.76). In the rear leg, there was a high positive relationship between relative push duration and block power (r = 0.53, 90% confidence limits = 0.13-0.78). The rear hip appeared to be important; rear hip angle at block exit was highly related to block power (r = 0.60, 90% confidence limits = 0.23-0.82), and there were moderate positive relationships with block power for its range of motion and peak angular velocity (both r = 0.49, 90% confidence limits = 0.08-0.76). As increased block power production was not associated with any negative aspects of technique in the subsequent stance phase, sprinters should be encouraged to maximise extension at both hips during the block phase.
本研究调查了下肢运动学，以解释实现高水平短跑起跑成绩所采用的技术。采用横断面设计来检验在起跑阶段特定技术变量与水平方向外部功率产生之间的关系。在16名短跑运动员的训练课上收集视频数据（200Hz），这些运动员的100米个人最好成绩在9.98秒至11.6秒之间。每位短跑运动员进行三次30米短跑，并通过手动数字化获得可靠的（所有组内相关系数，ICC(2,3)≥0.89）下肢运动学数据。15名短跑运动员的前腿关节以近端到远端的模式伸展，前髋峰值角速度与起跑功率之间存在中等程度的正相关（r = 0.49，90%置信区间 = 0.08 - 0.76）。在后腿方面，相对蹬地持续时间与起跑功率之间存在高度正相关（r = 0.53，90%置信区间 = 0.13 - 0.78）。后髋似乎很重要；起跑结束时的后髋角度与起跑功率高度相关（r = 0.60，90%置信区间 = 0.23 - 0.82），并且其后髋的运动范围和峰值角速度与起跑功率之间存在中等程度的正相关（两者r = 0.49，90%置信区间 = 0.08 - 0.76）。由于起跑阶段增加的功率产生与随后支撑阶段技术的任何负面因素均无关联，因此应鼓励短跑运动员在起跑阶段使双髋最大限度地伸展。
