Yoon Je-Hyun, Abdelmohsen Kotb, Gorospe Myriam
Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2014 Oct;34:9-14. doi: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2014.05.015. Epub 2014 Jun 2.
In mammals, the vast majority of transcripts expressed are noncoding RNAs, ranging from short RNAs (including microRNAs) to long RNAs spanning up to hundreds of kb. While the actions of microRNAs as destabilizers and repressors of the translation of protein-coding transcripts (mRNAs) have been studied in detail, the influence of microRNAs on long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) function is only now coming into view. Conversely, the influence of lncRNAs upon microRNA function is also rapidly emerging. In some cases, lncRNA stability is reduced through the interaction of specific miRNAs. In other cases, lncRNAs can act as microRNA decoys, with the sequestration of microRNAs favoring expression of repressed target mRNAs. Other lncRNAs derepress gene expression by competing with miRNAs for interaction with shared target mRNAs. Finally, some lncRNAs can produce miRNAs, leading to repression of target mRNAs. These microRNA-lncRNA regulatory paradigms modulate gene expression patterns that drive major cellular processes (such as cell differentiation, proliferation, and cell death) which are central to mammalian physiologic and pathologic processes. We review and summarize the types of microRNA-lncRNA crosstalk identified to-date and discuss their influence on gene expression programs.
在哺乳动物中，绝大多数表达的转录本是非编码RNA，范围从短RNA（包括微小RNA）到长达数百kb的长RNA。虽然微小RNA作为蛋白质编码转录本（mRNA）翻译的去稳定因子和阻遏物的作用已得到详细研究，但微小RNA对长链非编码RNA（lncRNA）功能的影响才刚刚开始显现。相反，lncRNA对微小RNA功能的影响也迅速显现出来。在某些情况下，特定微小RNA的相互作用会降低lncRNA的稳定性。在其他情况下，lncRNA可作为微小RNA的诱饵，隔离微小RNA有利于被抑制的靶mRNA的表达。其他lncRNA通过与微小RNA竞争与共享靶mRNA的相互作用来解除对基因表达的抑制。最后，一些lncRNA可产生微小RNA，导致靶mRNA的抑制。这些微小RNA-lncRNA调控模式调节驱动主要细胞过程（如细胞分化、增殖和细胞死亡）的基因表达模式，而这些过程是哺乳动物生理和病理过程的核心。我们回顾并总结了迄今为止已确定的微小RNA-lncRNA相互作用的类型，并讨论了它们对基因表达程序的影响。
