Zhou Yun, Zhang Ying, Moorman Jonathan P, Yao Zhi Q, Jia Zhan S
Department of Infectious Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China; Center for Inflammation, Infectious Diseases, and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA.
Immunology. 2014 Nov;143(3):319-30. doi: 10.1111/imm.12349.
Immune homeostasis is a host characteristic that maintains biological balance within a host. Humans have evolved many host defence mechanisms that ensure the survival of individuals upon encountering a pathogenic infection, with recovery or persistence from a viral infection being determined by both viral factors and host immunity. Chronic viral infections, such as hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus and HIV, often result in chronic fluctuating viraemia in the face of host cellular and humoral immune responses, which are dysregulated by multi-faceted mechanisms that are incompletely understood. This review attempts to illuminate the mechanisms involved in this process, focusing on immune homeostasis in the setting of persistent viral infection from the aspects of host defence mechanism, including interferon-stimulated genes, apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide 3 (APOBEC3), autophagy and interactions of various immune cells, cytokines and regulatory molecules.
免疫稳态是一种宿主特征，可维持宿主体内的生物平衡。人类已经进化出许多宿主防御机制，以确保个体在遭遇致病性感染时能够存活，病毒感染后的恢复或持续状态由病毒因素和宿主免疫力共同决定。慢性病毒感染，如乙型肝炎病毒、丙型肝炎病毒和艾滋病毒，在面对宿主细胞免疫和体液免疫反应时，往往会导致慢性波动的病毒血症，这些免疫反应受到多方面机制的失调影响，而这些机制尚未完全明确。本综述试图阐明这一过程中涉及的机制，从宿主防御机制方面，包括干扰素刺激基因、载脂蛋白B信使核糖核酸编辑酶催化多肽3（APOBEC3）、自噬以及各种免疫细胞、细胞因子和调节分子的相互作用，聚焦于持续性病毒感染情况下的免疫稳态。
