Berkley S, Okware S, Naamara W
Epidemiology Unit, Uganda Ministry of Health, Entebbe.
AIDS. 1989 Feb;3(2):79-85. doi: 10.1097/00002030-198902000-00005.
In the developed world, surveillance for AIDS has provided up-to-date information for researchers, clinicians, public health workers and policy makers. In Africa, however, there is no standardized format or methodology for AIDS surveillance. In August 1987, Uganda developed a clinical case definition for AIDS reporting, based upon the World Health Organization (WHO) clinical case definition for AIDS in Africa and began formal surveillance. Surveillance is passive and primarily hospital-based. At the end of July 1988, 5142 cases of AIDS had been reported to the Ministry of Health; 4583 (89%) had confirmatory HIV-antibody testing. Of the 4938 (96%) cases that had their sex recorded, 2358 (48%) were male and 2580 (52%) were female. The mean age of 28.4 years for male patients is higher than that of 24.4 years for female patients (P less than 0.0001). Only 18 (less than 1%) cases have been reported in children between 5 and 12 years of age. Case reports are returned via the District Medical Officers to the Ministry of Health where they are entered into a microcomputer from which a monthly report is generated for feedback to the reporting stations. Here we describe a simple national reporting system to follow the progression of the AIDS epidemic which could be established in Africa using limited resources.
在发达国家，艾滋病监测为研究人员、临床医生、公共卫生工作者和政策制定者提供了最新信息。然而，在非洲，艾滋病监测没有标准化的形式或方法。1987年8月，乌干达根据世界卫生组织（WHO）针对非洲的艾滋病临床病例定义，制定了艾滋病报告的临床病例定义，并开始进行正式监测。监测是被动的，主要以医院为基础。截至1988年7月底，已向卫生部报告了5142例艾滋病病例；其中4583例（89%）进行了HIV抗体确诊检测。在记录了性别的4938例（96%）病例中，2358例（48%）为男性，2580例（52%）为女性。男性患者的平均年龄为28.4岁，高于女性患者的24.4岁（P<0.0001）。5至12岁儿童中仅报告了18例（不到1%）。病例报告通过地区医务官员返回卫生部，在那里被录入微机，每月生成一份报告反馈给报告站。在此，我们描述一种简单的国家报告系统，以跟踪艾滋病疫情的发展，该系统可以利用有限资源在非洲建立。
