Nagl Veronika, Woechtl Bettina, Schwartz-Zimmermann Heidi Elisabeth, Hennig-Pauka Isabel, Moll Wulf-Dieter, Adam Gerhard, Berthiller Franz
Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mycotoxin Metabolism, Center for Analytical Chemistry, Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Str. 20, Tulln 3430, Austria.
University Clinic for Swine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, Vienna 1210, Austria.
Toxicol Lett. 2014 Aug 17;229(1):190-7. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.06.032. Epub 2014 Jun 23.
Plants can metabolize the Fusarium mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) by forming the masked mycotoxin deoxynivalenol-3-β-D-glucoside (D3G). D3G might be cleaved during digestion, thus increasing the total DON burden of an individual. Due to a lack of in vivo data, D3G has not been included in the various regulatory limits established for DON so far. The aim of our study was to contribute to the risk assessment of D3G by determination of its metabolism in pigs. Four piglets received water, D3G (116 μg/kg b.w.) and the equimolar amount of DON (75 μg/kg b.w.) by gavage on day 1, 5 and 9 of the experiment, respectively. Additionally, 15.5 μg D3G/kg b.w. were administered intravenously on day 13. Urine and feces were collected for 24 h and analyzed for DON, D3G, deoxynivalenol-3-glucuronide (DON-3-GlcA), deoxynivalenol-15-GlcA (DON-15-GlcA) and deepoxy-deoxynivalenol (DOM-1) by UHPLC-MS/MS. After oral application of DON and D3G, in total 84.8±9.7% and 40.3±8.5% of the given dose were detected in urine, respectively. The majority of orally administered D3G was excreted in form of DON, DON-15-GlcA, DOM-1 and DON-3-GlcA, while urinary D3G accounted for only 2.6±1.4%. In feces, just trace amounts of metabolites were found. Intravenously administered D3G was almost exclusively excreted in unmetabolized form via urine. Data indicate that D3G is nearly completely hydrolyzed in the intestinal tract of pigs, while the toxin seems to be rather stable after systemic absorption. Compared to DON, the oral bioavailability of D3G and its metabolites seems to be reduced by a factor of up to 2, approximately.
植物可通过形成隐蔽性霉菌毒素脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇-3-β-D-葡萄糖苷（D3G）来代谢镰刀菌霉菌毒素脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）。D3G可能在消化过程中被裂解，从而增加个体的总DON负担。由于缺乏体内数据，D3G尚未被纳入目前针对DON制定的各种监管限量中。我们研究的目的是通过测定D3G在猪体内的代谢情况，为其风险评估提供依据。在实验的第1天、第5天和第9天，分别给4只仔猪经口灌胃给予水、D3G（116 μg/kg体重）和等摩尔量的DON（75 μg/kg体重）。此外，在第13天经静脉给予15.5 μg D3G/kg体重。收集24小时的尿液和粪便，采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法分析其中的DON、D3G、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇-3-葡萄糖醛酸苷（DON-3-GlcA）、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇-15-葡萄糖醛酸苷（DON-15-GlcA）和脱环氧脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DOM-1）。经口给予DON和D3G后，分别在尿液中检测到给药剂量的84.8±9.7%和40.3±8.5%。口服给予的D3G大部分以DON、DON-15-GlcA、DOM-1和DON-3-GlcA的形式排泄，而尿液中的D3G仅占2.6±1.4%。在粪便中，仅发现痕量代谢物。经静脉给予的D3G几乎完全以未代谢形式通过尿液排泄。数据表明，D3G在猪的肠道中几乎完全水解，而该毒素在全身吸收后似乎相当稳定。与DON相比，D3G及其代谢物的口服生物利用度似乎降低了约2倍。
