Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Florida, P.O. Box 100245, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
Biomolecules. 2013 Aug 19;3(3):553-62. doi: 10.3390/biom3030553.
The carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are mostly zinc-containing metalloenzymes which catalyze the reversible hydration/dehydration of carbon dioxide/bicarbonate. The CAs have been extensively studied because of their broad physiological importance in all kingdoms of life and clinical relevance as drug targets. In particular, human CA isoform II (HCA II) has a catalytic efficiency of 108 M-1 s-1, approaching the diffusion limit. The high catalytic rate, relatively simple procedure of expression and purification, relative stability and extensive biophysical studies of HCA II has made it an exciting candidate to be incorporated into various biomedical applications such as artificial lungs, biosensors and CO2 sequestration systems, among others. This review highlights the current state of these applications, lists their advantages and limitations, and discusses their future development.
碳酸酐酶（CA）是大多数含锌的金属酶，可催化二氧化碳/碳酸氢盐的可逆水合/脱水反应。由于其在所有生命领域的广泛生理重要性和作为药物靶点的临床相关性，CA 已被广泛研究。特别是，人碳酸酐酶同工酶 II（HCA II）的催化效率为 108 M-1 s-1，接近扩散极限。HCA II 的高催化速率、相对简单的表达和纯化程序、相对稳定性以及广泛的生物物理研究，使其成为各种生物医学应用（如人工肺、生物传感器和 CO2 捕获系统等）中极具吸引力的候选物。本文综述了这些应用的现状，列出了它们的优点和局限性，并讨论了它们的未来发展。
