Pierik Ronald, Testerink Christa
Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands (R.P.); andPlant Physiology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.T.)
Plant Physiol. 2014 Sep;166(1):5-22. doi: 10.1104/pp.114.239160. Epub 2014 Jun 27.
Environmental stresses, such as shading of the shoot, drought, and soil salinity, threaten plant growth, yield, and survival. Plants can alleviate the impact of these stresses through various modes of phenotypic plasticity, such as shade avoidance and halotropism. Here, we review the current state of knowledge regarding the mechanisms that control plant developmental responses to shade, salt, and drought stress. We discuss plant hormones and cellular signaling pathways that control shoot branching and elongation responses to shade and root architecture modulation in response to drought and salinity. Because belowground stresses also result in aboveground changes and vice versa, we then outline how a wider palette of plant phenotypic traits is affected by the individual stresses. Consequently, we argue for a research agenda that integrates multiple plant organs, responses, and stresses. This will generate the scientific understanding needed for future crop improvement programs aiming at crops that can maintain yields under variable and suboptimal conditions.
环境胁迫，如地上部分遮荫、干旱和土壤盐渍化，威胁着植物的生长、产量和存活。植物可以通过各种表型可塑性模式来减轻这些胁迫的影响，如避荫和向盐性。在这里，我们综述了关于控制植物对遮荫、盐分和干旱胁迫发育反应机制的当前知识状态。我们讨论了控制地上部分分枝和对遮荫伸长反应以及响应干旱和盐渍化调节根系结构的植物激素和细胞信号通路。由于地下胁迫也会导致地上部分变化，反之亦然，因此我们接着概述了单个胁迫如何影响更广泛的植物表型性状。因此，我们主张制定一个整合多种植物器官、反应和胁迫的研究议程。这将产生未来作物改良计划所需的科学认识，这些计划旨在培育能够在可变和次优条件下保持产量的作物。
