Brunnauer A, Buschert V, Laux G
Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie, Psychosomatische Medizin, Geriatrie, Neurologie, kbo-Inn-Salzach-Klinikum, Gabersee 7, 83512, Wasserburg am Inn, Deutschland,
Nervenarzt. 2014 Jul;85(7):811-5. doi: 10.1007/s00115-013-3992-4.
For most people driving is essential for mobility to maintain independence and to take part in activities of daily living. Ageing per se does not impair driving but in cases of medical conditions, such as cognitive impairment and dementia, driving safety can be impaired. Thus clinicians are often called upon to counsel patients and to make recommendations on their fitness to drive. Dementia in the early stages of the illness does not necessarily preclude driving ability. Patients with mild dementia pose a risk with respect to traffic safety and an individual assessment with regular follow-up investigations should be made. Especially patients with frontotemporal dementia should cease driving early in the course of the disease. Screening tests that focus on visuospatial abilities, attention and executive functions can improve the prediction of driving ability in patients with dementia. In many cases an on-road driving test to evaluate the ability to compensate for functional impairments is essential. In order to preserve personal autonomy as long as possible patients should be individually counselled taking into account driving experience, insight into functional impairments, personality and the capability to compensate for functional disabilities.
对大多数人来说，驾驶对于出行至关重要，有助于维持独立性并参与日常生活活动。衰老本身并不影响驾驶，但在患有认知障碍和痴呆等疾病的情况下，驾驶安全可能会受到损害。因此，临床医生经常被要求为患者提供咨询，并就其驾驶适宜性提出建议。痴呆症在疾病早期不一定会妨碍驾驶能力。轻度痴呆症患者存在交通安全风险，应进行个体评估并定期进行后续调查。特别是额颞叶痴呆患者应在疾病进程早期停止驾驶。侧重于视觉空间能力、注意力和执行功能的筛查测试可以改善对痴呆症患者驾驶能力的预测。在许多情况下，进行道路驾驶测试以评估补偿功能障碍的能力至关重要。为了尽可能长时间地保持个人自主性，应根据驾驶经验、对功能障碍的认识、个性以及补偿功能残疾的能力，对患者进行个性化咨询。
