Clinical Psychology Health Emphasis, Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, United States.
Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, United States.
Gait Posture. 2014 Jul;40(3):415-9. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2014.05.062. Epub 2014 Jun 11.
Our study aimed to [1] compare dual-task costs in gait and cognitive performance during two dual-task paradigms: walking while reciting alternate letters of the alphabet (WWR) and walking while counting backward by sevens (WWC); [2] examine the relationship between the gait and cognitive interference tasks when performed concurrently.
Gait and cognitive performance were tested in 217 non-demented older adults (mean age 76 ± 8.8 years; 56.2% female) under single and dual-task conditions. Velocity (cm/s) was obtained using an instrumented walkway. Cognitive performance was assessed using accuracy ratio: [correct responses]/[total responses]. Linear mixed effects models revealed significant dual-task costs, with slower velocity (p < .01) and decreased accuracy ratio (p < .01) in WWR and WWC compared to their respective single task conditions. Greater dual-task costs in velocity (p < .01) were observed in WWC compared to WWR. Pearson correlations revealed significant and positive relationships between gait and cognitive performance in WWR and WWC (p < .01); increased accuracy ratio was associated with faster velocity.
Our findings suggested that dual-task costs in gait increase as the complexity of the cognitive task increases. Furthermore, the positive association between the gait and cognitive tasks suggest that dual-task performance was not influenced by task prioritization strategies in this sample.
我们的研究旨在：（1）比较两种双任务范式（WWR：边走路边背诵字母表的交替字母，WWC：边走路边倒着数 7 的倍数）中步态和认知表现的双重任务成本；（2）检验同时进行的步态和认知干扰任务之间的关系。
在 217 名非痴呆的老年人（平均年龄 76±8.8 岁；56.2%为女性）中，在单任务和双任务条件下测试步态和认知表现。使用仪器化步道获得速度（cm/s）。认知表现通过准确性比进行评估：[正确反应数]/[总反应数]。线性混合效应模型显示出显著的双重任务成本，与各自的单任务条件相比，WWR 和 WWC 的速度更慢（p<.01），准确性比降低（p<.01）。与 WWR 相比，WWC 中的速度双重任务成本更高（p<.01）。Pearson 相关性显示，WWR 和 WWC 中的步态和认知表现之间存在显著的正相关关系（p<.01）；准确性比增加与速度加快相关。
我们的研究结果表明，随着认知任务的复杂性增加，步态的双重任务成本增加。此外，步态和认知任务之间的正相关关系表明，在该样本中，双重任务表现不受任务优先化策略的影响。
