Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
Mol Nutr Food Res. 2014 Oct;58(10):2014-22. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201400126. Epub 2014 Jul 22.
Clinical evidence suggests that the bioavailability of lutein is lower from infant formula than from human milk. The purpose of this study was to assess characteristics of human milk and lutein-fortified infant formula that may impact carotenoid delivery.
Carotenoid bioaccessibility and intestinal absorption were modeled by in vitro digestion coupled with Caco-2 human intestinal cell culture. Twelve human milk samples were assessed from 1-6 months postpartum, and 10 lutein-fortified infant formula samples from three lutein sources in both ready-to-use and reconstituted powder forms. The relative bioaccessibility of lutein was not different (p > 0.05) between human milk (29 ± 2%) and infant formula (36 ± 4%). However, lutein delivery was 4.5 times greater from human milk than infant formula when including Caco-2 accumulation efficiency. Caco-2 accumulation of lutein was increasingly efficient with decreasing concentration of lutein from milk. Carotenoid bioaccessibility and Caco-2 accumulation were not affected by lactation stage, total lipid content, lutein source, or form of infant formula (powder vs. liquid).
These data suggest that the bioavailability of carotenoids is greater from human milk than infant formula primarily due to intestinal absorptive processes, and that absorption of lutein is potentiated by factors from human milk especially at low lutein concentration.
临床证据表明，婴儿配方奶粉中黄体素的生物利用度低于人乳。本研究旨在评估可能影响类胡萝卜素传递的人乳和黄体素强化婴儿配方的特征。
通过体外消化与 Caco-2 人肠细胞培养相结合，对类胡萝卜素生物利用度和肠道吸收进行建模。评估了 112 名产后 1-6 个月的人乳样本，以及 3 种黄体素来源的 10 种黄体素强化婴儿配方的即用型和再配制粉末形式。黄体素的相对生物利用度在人乳（29±2%）和婴儿配方（36±4%）之间没有差异（p>0.05）。然而，包括 Caco-2 积累效率在内，人乳中黄体素的传递量是婴儿配方的 4.5 倍。从人乳中，黄体素的 Caco-2 积累效率随着黄体素浓度的降低而逐渐提高。类胡萝卜素生物利用度和 Caco-2 积累不受哺乳期、总脂质含量、黄体素来源或婴儿配方形式（粉末与液体）的影响。
这些数据表明，人乳中类胡萝卜素的生物利用度高于婴儿配方，主要是由于肠道吸收过程，而人乳中的某些因素，尤其是在黄体素浓度较低时，会增强黄体素的吸收。
