Mares Julie
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53726-2336; email:
Annu Rev Nutr. 2016 Jul 17;36:571-602. doi: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-071715-051110.
Current evidence suggests lutein and its isomers play important roles in ocular development in utero and throughout the life span, in vision performance in young and later adulthood, and in lowering risk for the development of common age-related eye diseases in older age. These xanthophyll (oxygen-containing) carotenoids are found in a wide variety of vegetables and fruits, and they are present in especially high concentrations in leafy green vegetables. Additionally, egg yolks and human milk appear to be bioavailable sources. The prevalence of lutein, zeaxanthin, and meso-zeaxanthin in supplements is increasing. Setting optimal and safe ranges of intake requires additional research, particularly in pregnant and lactating women. Accumulating evidence about variable interindividual response to dietary intake of these carotenoids, based on genetic or metabolic influences, suggests that there may be subgroups that benefit from higher levels of intake and/or alternate strategies to improve lutein and zeaxanthin status.
目前的证据表明，叶黄素及其异构体在子宫内和整个生命周期的眼部发育、青年和成年后期的视觉表现以及降低老年常见年龄相关性眼病的发病风险方面发挥着重要作用。这些叶黄素（含氧）类胡萝卜素存在于多种蔬菜和水果中，在绿叶蔬菜中的含量尤其高。此外，蛋黄和母乳似乎也是生物可利用的来源。补充剂中叶黄素、玉米黄质和内消旋玉米黄质的普及率正在上升。确定最佳和安全的摄入量范围需要更多的研究，特别是在孕妇和哺乳期妇女中。基于遗传或代谢影响，关于个体对这些类胡萝卜素膳食摄入的可变反应的证据越来越多，这表明可能存在一些亚组人群，他们将从更高水平的摄入量和/或改善叶黄素和玉米黄质状态的替代策略中受益。
