Department of Psychology, Georgia State University.
Research on Health and Society, Stellenbosch University.
Health Psychol. 2014 Jul;33(7):668-76. doi: 10.1037/hea0000067.
Approximately 5.6 million South Africans are living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; UNAIDS, 2010). Prevalence among Black adolescents and young adults is particularly alarming. This pilot study of an HIV preventive intervention targeting South African youth contributes to the growing body of research on culturally competent family-based interventions.
A total of 99 parent-child dyads were enrolled in an experimental repeated measures study, using a wait-list control group. Our 6-session intervention targeted general parenting (relationship quality, parental monitoring, and involvement), gender roles, and parent-youth communication about sex (content and quality). Parents and youth were assessed at baseline, postintervention, and 6-month follow-up. Eligibility included being the primary female caregiver of a 10- to 14-year-old child with whom they spent at least 4 nights a week and being able to participate in English or Xhosa.
Effect sizes with this small sample met or exceeded those of other family-based HIV interventions for youth in the United States and South Africa (e.g., Bell et al., 2008; Forehand et al., 2007). Parents' reports at postintervention indicated larger effect sizes for general parenting than youths' reports indicated. Parents' reports showed medium to large effects for all sex communication outcomes at postintervention and the 6-month follow-up. Youth reports demonstrated small to medium effects for most communication variables and these effects lasted through the 6-month follow-up period.
Intergenerational social networks (e.g., families) hold promise for HIV prevention among South African youth. A full efficacy trial with longer-term follow-up and attention to maintenance of effects is warranted.
约有 560 万南非人感染了人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV；UNAIDS，2010 年）。黑人青少年和青年的感染率尤其令人震惊。这项针对南非青年的 HIV 预防干预试验研究是对基于文化的家庭干预措施研究的不断增长的贡献。
共有 99 对父母-子女对参加了一项实验性重复测量研究，采用等待名单对照。我们的 6 节干预措施针对一般育儿（关系质量、父母监督和参与）、性别角色以及父母与青少年关于性的沟通（内容和质量）。在基线、干预后和 6 个月随访时对父母和青少年进行评估。符合条件的包括作为主要的女性照顾者，照顾一名 10 至 14 岁的儿童，每周至少与他们共度 4 个晚上，并且能够用英语或科萨语参与。
与美国和南非的其他基于家庭的青年 HIV 干预措施相比，这个小样本的效果大小达到或超过了这些干预措施（例如，Bell 等人，2008 年；Forehand 等人，2007 年）。父母在干预后的报告显示，一般育儿的效果大小大于青少年的报告。父母在干预后和 6 个月随访时对所有性沟通结果的报告均显示出中到大的效果。青少年报告在大多数沟通变量中显示出小到中等的效果，这些效果持续到 6 个月随访期。
代际社会网络（例如家庭）在南非青年的 HIV 预防中具有潜力。需要进行具有更长随访期和关注效果维持的充分功效试验。
