Del Pizzo Jeannine, Callahan James M
Attending Physician and Research Fellow (Del Pizzo), Division of Emergency Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Attending Physician and Vice Director (Callahan), Division of Emergency Medicine, Pediatric Residency Program, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and Professor (Callahan), Clinical Pediatrics Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
Pediatr Emerg Care. 2014 Jul;30(7):496-501; quiz 502-4. doi: 10.1097/PEC.0000000000000171.
Intranasal medication administration in the emergency care of children has been reported for at least 20 years and is gaining popularity because of ease of administration, rapid onset of action, and relatively little pain to the patient. The ability to avoid a needle stick is often attractive to practitioners, in addition to children and their parents. In time-critical situations for which emergent administration of medication is needed, the intranasal route may be associated with more rapid medication administration. This article reviews the use of intranasal medications in the emergency care of children. Particular attention will be paid to anatomy and its impact on drug delivery, pharmacodynamics, medications currently administered by this route, delivery devices available, tips for use, and future directions.
鼻内给药在儿童急诊护理中的应用已有至少20年的报道，且因其给药方便、起效迅速以及对患者造成的疼痛相对较小而越来越受欢迎。除了儿童及其父母外，避免针刺的能力通常对从业者也很有吸引力。在需要紧急给药的时间紧迫的情况下，鼻内给药途径可能与更快的药物给药相关。本文综述了鼻内药物在儿童急诊护理中的应用。将特别关注解剖结构及其对药物递送的影响、药效学、目前通过该途径给药的药物、可用的给药装置、使用技巧以及未来发展方向。
