MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2014 Jul 4;63(26):557-62.
Findings in published reports have suggested that drowsy driving is a factor each year in as many as 7,500 fatal motor vehicle crashes (approximately 25%) in the United States. CDC previously reported that, in 2009-2010, 4.2% of adult respondents in 19 states and the District of Columbia reported having fallen asleep while driving at least once during the previous 30 days. Adults who reported usually sleeping ≤6 hours per day, snoring, or unintentionally falling asleep during the day were more likely to report falling asleep while driving compared with adults who did not report these sleep patterns. However, limited information has been published on the association between drowsy driving and other risk behaviors that might contribute to crash injuries or fatalities. Therefore, CDC analyzed responses to survey questions regarding drowsy driving among 92,102 respondents in 10 states and Puerto Rico to the 2011-2012 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) surveys. The results showed that 4.0% reported falling asleep while driving during the previous 30 days. In addition to known risk factors, drowsy driving was more prevalent among binge drinkers than non-binge drinkers or abstainers and also more prevalent among drivers who sometimes, seldom, or never wear seatbelts while driving or riding in a car, compared with those who always or almost always wear seatbelts. Drowsy driving did not vary significantly by self-reported smoking status. Interventions designed to reduce binge drinking and alcohol-impaired driving, to increase enforcement of seatbelt use, and to encourage adequate sleep and seeking treatment for sleep disorders might contribute to reductions in drowsy driving crashes and related injuries.
已发表的报告结果表明，在美国，每年多达 7500 起致命机动车事故（约占 25%）中，都与疲劳驾驶有关。疾病预防控制中心之前报告称，在 2009-2010 年，19 个州和哥伦比亚特区的 4.2%成年受访者报告称，在过去 30 天内，他们至少有一次在开车时睡着了。与没有报告这些睡眠模式的成年人相比，报告通常每天睡眠≤6 小时、打鼾或白天无意入睡的成年人更有可能报告在开车时睡着了。然而，关于疲劳驾驶与其他可能导致撞车受伤或死亡的风险行为之间的关联，发表的信息有限。因此，疾病预防控制中心分析了 10 个州和波多黎各的 92102 名受访者对 2011-2012 年行为风险因素监测系统（BRFSS）调查中关于疲劳驾驶的调查问题的回答。结果表明，4.0%的人报告在过去 30 天内开车时睡着了。除了已知的风险因素外，与不饮酒者或滴酒不沾者相比，酗酒者疲劳驾驶更为常见；与开车或乘车时偶尔、很少或从不系安全带的司机相比，与那些总是或几乎总是系安全带的司机相比，疲劳驾驶更为常见。疲劳驾驶与自我报告的吸烟状况没有显著差异。旨在减少酗酒和酒后驾车、加强安全带使用执法以及鼓励充足睡眠和寻求睡眠障碍治疗的干预措施，可能有助于减少疲劳驾驶事故和相关伤害。
