Bio-Optical Imaging Group, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (SBIC), Agency for Science Technology and Research (ASTAR), 11 Biopolis Way, 138667 Singapore ; School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore.
Bio-Optical Imaging Group, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (SBIC), Agency for Science Technology and Research (ASTAR), 11 Biopolis Way, 138667 Singapore.
Beilstein J Nanotechnol. 2014 Apr 30;5:546-53. doi: 10.3762/bjnano.5.64. eCollection 2014.
In this work, we investigated the cytotoxicity, colloidal stability and optical property of gold nanorods before and after functionalizing them with thiolated PEG and Pluronic triblock copolymer (PEO-PPO-PEO) molecules. The morphology of functionalized gold nanorods was characterized by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering. Solution phase synthesis of gold nanorods has remained the method of choice for obtaining varying shapes and aspect ratios of rod nanoparticles. This method typically involves the use of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) surfactants as directing agents to grow gold nanorods in the solution phase. The as-synthesized gold nanorods surfaces are terminated with CTAB molecules and this formulation gives rise to adverse toxicity in vitro and in vivo. To employ the gold nanorods for biological studies, it is important to eliminate or minimize the exposure of CTAB molecules from the gold nanorods surface to the local environment such as cells or tissues. Complete removal of CTAB molecules from the gold nanorods surface is unfeasible as this will render the gold nanorods structurally unstable, causing the aggregation of particles. Here, we investigate the individual use of thiolated PEG and PEO-PPO-PEO as capping agents to reduce the cytotoxicity of gold nanorods formulation, while maintaining the optical, colloidal, and structural properties of gold nanorods. We found that encapsulating gold nanorods with the thiolated PEG or PEO-PPO-PEO molecules guarantees the stability and biocompatibility of the nanoformulation. However, excessive use of these molecules during the passivation process leads to a reduction in the overall cell viability. We also demonstrate the use of the functionalized gold nanorods as scattering probes for dark-field imaging of cancer cells thereby demonstrating their biocompatibility. Our results offer a unique solution for the future development of safe scattering color probes for clinical applications such as the long term imaging of cells and tissues.
在这项工作中，我们研究了巯基化聚乙二醇（PEG）和 Pluronic 三嵌段共聚物（PEO-PPO-PEO）分子功能化前后金纳米棒的细胞毒性、胶体稳定性和光学性质。通过紫外-可见吸收光谱、透射电子显微镜和动态光散射对功能化金纳米棒的形态进行了表征。金纳米棒的溶液法合成仍然是获得不同形状和纵横比的棒状纳米粒子的首选方法。这种方法通常涉及使用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）表面活性剂作为导向剂，在溶液相中生长金纳米棒。合成的金纳米棒表面被 CTAB 分子终止，这种配方会导致体外和体内的不良毒性。为了将金纳米棒用于生物学研究，重要的是要从金纳米棒表面消除或最小化 CTAB 分子的暴露，以避免其与细胞或组织等局部环境相互作用。完全从金纳米棒表面去除 CTAB 分子是不可行的，因为这会使金纳米棒结构不稳定，导致颗粒聚集。在这里，我们研究了单独使用巯基化聚乙二醇（PEG）和 PEO-PPO-PEO 作为封端剂来降低金纳米棒制剂的细胞毒性，同时保持金纳米棒的光学、胶体和结构性质。我们发现，用巯基化聚乙二醇或 PEO-PPO-PEO 分子包裹金纳米棒可以保证纳米制剂的稳定性和生物相容性。然而，在钝化过程中过度使用这些分子会导致细胞活力的整体降低。我们还展示了功能化金纳米棒作为暗场成像癌细胞散射探针的用途，从而证明了它们的生物相容性。我们的研究结果为未来开发用于临床应用的安全散射颜色探针提供了一种独特的解决方案，例如细胞和组织的长期成像。
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