Panduric Dragana Gabric, Juric Ivona Bago, Music Svetozar, Molčanov Krešimir, Sušic Mato, Anic Ivica
1 Department of Oral Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb , Zagreb, Croatia .
Photomed Laser Surg. 2014 Jul;32(7):401-8. doi: 10.1089/pho.2014.3711.
The purpose of this study was to analyze morphological, chemical, and crystallographic changes of bone tissue after osteotomy performed with an erbium:yttrium-aluminium-garnet (Er:YAG) laser and a low speed pilot drill.
Bone blocks were prepared from porcine ribs, and on each block, two tunnel preparations were performed using the Er:YAG laser (pulse energy: 1000 mJ, pulse duration: 300 μs, pulse repetition rate: 20 Hz) or the low-speed surgical pilot drill. The morphological changes of the cortical and the spongious surface of the tunnel preparations were analyzed under the field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) at low and high resolution. The distribution and the level of chemical elements in the treated surfaces were evaluated by qualitative and semiquantitative energy dispersive x-ray analysis (SEM-EDX). Diffraction x-ray analysis was used to detect any differences and thermally induced modifications of hydroxyapatite crystals.
FE-SEM revealed sharp edges of the Er:YAG preparations, with empty intertrabecular spaces and no signs of carbonization. In the drill group, the surface of the preparations was smooth, completely covered with smear layer and microcracks, and with hairy-like irregularities on the edges. SEM-EDX analysis did not reveal any differences in the number of specific chemical elements between the laser and the drill group. There were no thermally induced modifications of hydroxyapatite crystal structure in the bone tissue in either group.
The Er:YAG laser ablation did not cause any chemical or crystallographic changes of the bone tissue. Compared with the drill, Er:YAG laser created well-defined edges of the preparations, and cortical bone had no smear layer.
本研究旨在分析用铒钇铝石榴石（Er:YAG）激光和低速导向钻进行截骨术后骨组织的形态学、化学和晶体学变化。
从猪肋骨制备骨块，在每个骨块上使用Er:YAG激光（脉冲能量：1000 mJ，脉冲持续时间：300 μs，脉冲重复频率：20 Hz）或低速外科导向钻进行两种隧道制备。在低分辨率和高分辨率场发射扫描电子显微镜（FE-SEM）下分析隧道制备的皮质和松质表面的形态学变化。通过定性和半定量能量色散X射线分析（SEM-EDX）评估处理表面化学元素的分布和水平。使用X射线衍射分析检测羟基磷灰石晶体的任何差异和热诱导修饰。
FE-SEM显示Er:YAG制备的边缘锐利，小梁间隙为空，无碳化迹象。在钻孔组中，制备表面光滑，完全覆盖有涂抹层和微裂纹，边缘有毛状不规则物。SEM-EDX分析未显示激光组和钻孔组之间特定化学元素数量的任何差异。两组骨组织中均未观察到羟基磷灰石晶体结构的热诱导修饰。
Er:YAG激光消融未引起骨组织的任何化学或晶体学变化。与钻孔相比，Er:YAG激光产生了边界清晰的制备边缘，皮质骨没有涂抹层。
