Davis Benjamin J K, Vidal Jean-Sebastian, Garcia Melissa, Aspelund Thor, van Buchem Mark A, Jonsdottir Maria K, Sigurdsson Sigurdur, Harris Tamara B, Gudnason Vilmundur, Launer Lenore J
Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland. Centre of Public Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik.
J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2014 Dec;69(12):1528-35. doi: 10.1093/gerona/glu092. Epub 2014 Jul 2.
Studies of older persons show consumption of light-to-moderate amounts of alcohol is positively associated with cognitive function and, separately, is negatively associated with total brain volume (TBV). This is paradoxical as generally, cognitive function is positively associated with TBV. We examined the relationships of TBV, global cognitive function (GCF), and alcohol consumption in a population-based cohort of 3,363 men and women (b. 1907-1935) participating in the Age Gene/Environment Susceptibility-Reykjavik Study (2002-2006) and who were free of dementia or mild cognitive impairment
Drinking status (never, former, and current) and current amount of alcohol consumed were assessed by questionnaire. GCF is a composite score derived from a battery of cognitive tests. TBV, standardized to head size, is estimated quantitatively from brain magnetic resonance imaging.
Among women and not men, adjusting for demographic and cardiovascular risk factors, current drinkers had significantly higher GCF scores than abstainers and former drinkers (p < .0001); and GCF was associated with amount consumed. TBV was not associated with drinking status or amount consumed in men or women. GCF and TBV did significantly differ in their associations across alcohol categories (p interaction < .001). Within categories of alcohol intake, GCF and TBV were positively associated.
The difference in associations of alcohol intake to brain structure and function suggests there may be unmeasured factors that contribute to maintaining better GCF relative to TBV. However, at higher levels of reasonable alcohol consumption, there may be factors leading to reduced brain volume.
对老年人的研究表明，适量饮酒与认知功能呈正相关，且与全脑体积（TBV）呈负相关。这是自相矛盾的，因为一般来说，认知功能与TBV呈正相关。我们在一个基于人群的队列中研究了TBV、整体认知功能（GCF）和饮酒之间的关系，该队列由3363名男性和女性（出生于1907年至1935年）组成，他们参与了年龄基因/环境易感性-雷克雅未克研究（2002年至2006年），且无痴呆或轻度认知障碍。
通过问卷调查评估饮酒状况（从不饮酒、曾经饮酒和目前饮酒）以及当前饮酒量。GCF是通过一系列认知测试得出的综合分数。TBV根据头部大小进行标准化，通过脑磁共振成像进行定量估计。
在女性而非男性中，在调整人口统计学和心血管危险因素后，当前饮酒者的GCF得分显著高于戒酒者和曾经饮酒者（p <.0001）；且GCF与饮酒量相关。TBV与男性或女性的饮酒状况或饮酒量均无关联。GCF和TBV在不同酒精类别中的关联存在显著差异（p交互作用<.001）。在酒精摄入量类别中，GCF和TBV呈正相关。
酒精摄入量与脑结构和功能的关联差异表明，可能存在未测量的因素有助于相对于TBV维持更好的GCF。然而，在合理饮酒量较高时，可能存在导致脑体积减小的因素。
