Gopinath B, Flood V M, Burlutsky G, Louie J C Y, Baur L A, Mitchell P
Centre for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology and Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Australia.
Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney and St Vincent's Hospital, Australia.
Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2014 Nov;24(11):1221-7. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2014.05.014. Epub 2014 Jun 14.
The relationship between dairy food consumption and dietary calcium intake, and vascular risk factors during adolescence remains unclear. We aimed to prospectively assess whether dairy food consumption (milk, cheese, yoghurt) is associated with blood pressure (BP) and retinal microvascular signs among adolescents.
As many as 2353 and 1216 participants aged 12 and 17, respectively, were examined. Longitudinal analyses involved 888 subjects with complete baseline and follow-up data. Dairy consumption was assessed from validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires. BP information was collected and retinal vessel caliber was quantified from digital photographs using computer software. In girls, after multivariable adjustment, each serve/day increase in total dairy intake was concurrently associated with 1.04 (p = 0.03) and 1.10 mm Hg (p = 0.02) decreases in mean diastolic and arterial BP, respectively. Also in girls, each serve/day increase in cheese intake over 5 years was concurrently related to 7.18 (p = 0.001), 5.28 (p = 0.002) and 5.79 mm Hg (p = 0.001) decrease in mean systolic, diastolic and arterial BP, respectively. Among girls, each 100 mg/day increase in dietary calcium intake was associated with a concurrent 0.5 (p = 0.01) and 0.3 mm Hg (p = 0.02) decrease in mean systolic and arterial BP, respectively. Cross-sectionally, adolescents in the highest versus lowest tertile of yoghurt intake had ∼ 1.3 μm wider retinal arterioles (p = 0.05) and ∼ 2.0 μm narrower venules (p = 0.04).
Consumption of dairy products, particularly cheese, could have a beneficial effect on BP, particularly among girls.
乳制品消费与膳食钙摄入量以及青少年血管危险因素之间的关系仍不明确。我们旨在前瞻性评估乳制品消费（牛奶、奶酪、酸奶）是否与青少年的血压（BP）及视网膜微血管体征相关。
分别对多达2353名12岁参与者和1216名17岁参与者进行了检查。纵向分析纳入了888名有完整基线和随访数据的受试者。通过经验证的半定量食物频率问卷评估乳制品摄入量。收集血压信息，并使用计算机软件从数码照片中量化视网膜血管口径。在女孩中，经过多变量调整后，每日总乳制品摄入量每增加一份，平均舒张压和动脉血压分别同时降低1.04（p = 0.03）和1.10毫米汞柱（p = 0.02）。同样在女孩中，5年内每日奶酪摄入量每增加一份，平均收缩压、舒张压和动脉血压分别同时降低7.18（p = 0.001）、5.28（p = 0.002）和5.79毫米汞柱（p = 0.001）。在女孩中，膳食钙摄入量每增加100毫克/天，平均收缩压和动脉血压分别同时降低0.5（p = 0.01）和0.3毫米汞柱（p = 0.02）。横断面分析显示，酸奶摄入量处于最高三分位数与最低三分位数的青少年相比，视网膜小动脉宽约1.3微米（p = 0.05），小静脉窄约2.0微米（p = 0.04）。
食用乳制品，尤其是奶酪，可能对血压有有益影响，尤其是在女孩中。
