Panek Leah M, Jones Kelly R, Temple Jennifer L
Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA; Department of Community Health and Health Behavior, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
Appetite. 2014 Oct;81:320-9. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2014.06.102. Epub 2014 Jul 1.
Motivation to eat, or the reinforcing value of food, may be influenced by a number of factors, including physical activity. The purpose of these studies was to test the hypothesis that short-term moderate-vigorous intensity aerobic exercise would alter the reinforcing value of high (HED) and low (LED) energy density foods in inactive adults. The reinforcing value of LED and HED food was measured at baseline and again after two weeks of aerobic exercise. In Experiment 1, 41 participants were randomized to a no exercise condition or aerobic exercise for 3 days per week for two weeks. In Experiment 2, 76 participants were randomized to one of four aerobic exercise frequencies, 0, 1, 3, or 5 days per week for two weeks. In both experiments, exercise reduced the reinforcing value of HED food compared to baseline and to non-exercise controls. In Experiment 2, the 5 day group also showed a significant increase in the reinforcing value of LED food compared to baseline and other exercise frequencies. Liking of HED and LED foods and consumption of HED food were not affected by exercise treatment. Finally, in Experiment 2, the 5 day group reported consuming more energy outside of the laboratory than the other groups. Taken together, these data suggest, in inactive individuals, motivation to obtain HED and LED foods can be altered with a short-term moderate-vigorous intensity exercise intervention. Further research is needed to understand the cognitive and physiological processes involved in food choices paired with exercise.
进食动机，即食物的强化价值，可能受到包括身体活动在内的多种因素影响。这些研究的目的是检验以下假设：短期中等强度至剧烈强度的有氧运动，会改变久坐不动的成年人对高能量密度（HED）食物和低能量密度（LED）食物的强化价值。在基线时以及有氧运动两周后，分别测量LED和HED食物的强化价值。在实验1中，41名参与者被随机分为不运动组或每周进行3天有氧运动，为期两周。在实验2中，76名参与者被随机分为四种有氧运动频率组之一，即每周0天、1天、3天或5天，为期两周。在两个实验中，与基线和非运动对照组相比，运动降低了HED食物的强化价值。在实验2中，与基线和其他运动频率组相比，5天运动组的LED食物强化价值也显著增加。对HED和LED食物的喜好以及HED食物的摄入量不受运动处理的影响。最后，在实验2中，5天运动组报告在实验室外摄入的能量比其他组更多。综上所述，这些数据表明，对于久坐不动的个体，通过短期中等强度至剧烈强度的运动干预，可以改变获取HED和LED食物的动机。需要进一步研究以了解与运动相关的食物选择中涉及的认知和生理过程。
