Department of Pediatrics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo.
Am Psychol. 2020 Feb-Mar;75(2):139-151. doi: 10.1037/amp0000521.
Persons with obesity find high-energy-dense food and sedentary behaviors highly reinforcing. Diets and exercise programs deprive individuals of many favorite foods and activities, which can counterproductively heighten their value and lead to relapse. Since the value of reinforcers depend on the alternatives available, one approach to reducing food and sedentary activity reinforcement is to build healthy alternative reinforcers. Current behavioral treatment programs for children and adults do not attempt to build alternative reinforcers as substitutes for unhealthy behaviors to reduce the impact of food or activity deprivation on the motivation to eat or be inactive. A goal of the next generation of obesity treatment programs should focus on development of healthy behaviors as reinforcers so that people will be motivated to engage in them. This article provides an overview of relationships among reinforcers, how understanding substitutes and complements can influence eating and activity, and how enriching a person's environment and providing choice architecture can enhance weight control. Ideas for translation of these basic behavioral economic principles to obesity treatment programs are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
肥胖者认为高热量密度的食物和久坐不动的行为非常有吸引力。饮食和运动计划剥夺了个人许多喜爱的食物和活动，这可能会适得其反地提高它们的价值，并导致复发。由于强化物的价值取决于可用的替代物，减少食物和久坐不动活动强化的一种方法是建立健康的替代强化物。目前针对儿童和成人的行为治疗计划并没有试图建立替代强化物来替代不健康的行为，以减少食物或活动剥夺对进食或不活动的动机的影响。下一代肥胖治疗计划的目标应该是将健康行为作为强化物，以便人们有动力参与其中。本文概述了强化物之间的关系，以及了解替代品和补充品如何影响饮食和活动，以及如何丰富一个人的环境和提供选择架构可以增强体重控制。讨论了将这些基本行为经济学原理转化为肥胖治疗计划的想法。（PsycINFO 数据库记录（c）2020 APA，保留所有权利）。
