Jensen Helen H, Hayes Dermot J
Department of Economics and Center for Agricultural and Rural Development, Iowa State University, 578 Heady Hall, Ames, IA 50011-1070, USA.
Department of Economics and Center for Agricultural and Rural Development, Iowa State University, 568 Heady Hall, Ames, IA 50011-1070, USA.
Curr Opin Microbiol. 2014 Jun;19:30-36. doi: 10.1016/j.mib.2014.05.020. Epub 2014 Jul 2.
Denmark was among the first countries to ban the use of antimicrobials for growth promotion (AGPs) in animal production through an on-going series of actions and regulations since 1995. In 2010 the Yellow Card scheme was adopted to decrease total antimicrobial consumption in pig production through additional restrictions on pig farmers. The withdrawal of AGPs and other restrictions have reduced total antimicrobial use, but at the same time therapeutic drug use has increased and resistance in key zoonotic bacteria has not decreased. Improved use of vaccines and management practices can help reduce losses especially for weaner pigs, but come with additional costs to producers.
自1995年以来，丹麦通过一系列持续的行动和法规，成为最早禁止在动物生产中使用抗菌药物促生长剂（AGPs）的国家之一。2010年，丹麦采用了“黄牌计划”，通过对养猪户的额外限制来减少生猪生产中的抗菌药物总消费量。AGPs的停用和其他限制措施减少了抗菌药物的总体使用，但与此同时，治疗性药物的使用却有所增加，关键人畜共患病细菌的耐药性并未降低。改进疫苗的使用和管理措施有助于减少损失，特别是对断奶仔猪而言，但这会给生产者带来额外成本。
