Klein D, Manz K, Ferrari N, Strüder H, Graf C
Institute of Movement and Neurosciences German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany - dshs-koeln.de.
J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2015 Jan-Feb;55(1-2):103-12. Epub 2014 Jul 7.
The prevalence of obesity and motor deficits in children is on the rise in western industrialized countries. Due to the negative health related consequences, effective early preventive measures are of urgent need. In the present study the effects of the kindergarten-based low-threshold interventions "Kindergarten Mobile (KiMo)", "Ball and Pear (BP)" and "Nursery Fit (NF)" were determined.
One thousand five hundred ten children (53.4% male) participated in the study (age: 4.7 ± 0.9 years, height: 108.3 ± 7.9cm, weight: 19.1 ± 3.6 kg, BMI: 16.1±1.6kg/m²). The children were divided in the groups KiMo (N.=690), BP (N.=74), NF-P (N.=95), NF-NP (N.=289) and CG (N.=362). Anthropometric data and motor abilities were assessed at T1 (baseline) and T2 (follow-up after 6 months). The interventions included an information session for parents/educators, where key guidelines for a healthy lifestyle were communicated and individual fitness passes were handed over (KiMo, NF-P, NF-NP), respectively an instructed activity lesson once per week (BP, NF-P).
The results showed a decrease of the BMI in the groups KiMo (-0.1 ± 0.6 kg/m²), NF-P (-0.1 ± 0.7 kg/m²) and NF-NP (-0.2 ± 0.6 kg/m²; each P<0.001 in comparison to the CG) and an increase in the group BP (0.1 ± 0.5 kg/m²; P=0.998 in comparison to the CG). Inconsistent results were shown in all groups regarding motor abilities.
To date, no evidence-based recommendations concerning the optimal procedure for health promotion at pre-school age can be concluded. It seems assured, that the entire social environment of children has to be involved in the prevention of overweight and motor deficits, including parents, educators and pediatricians.
在西方工业化国家，儿童肥胖和运动功能障碍的患病率呈上升趋势。鉴于其对健康的负面影响，迫切需要有效的早期预防措施。在本研究中，我们确定了以幼儿园为基础的低门槛干预措施“幼儿园移动计划（KiMo）”、“球与梨（BP）”和“托儿所健身计划（NF）”的效果。
1510名儿童（53.4%为男性）参与了本研究（年龄：4.7±0.9岁，身高：108.3±7.9厘米，体重：19.1±3.6千克，体重指数：16.1±1.6千克/平方米）。这些儿童被分为KiMo组（N=690）、BP组（N=74）、NF-P组（N=95）、NF-NP组（N=289）和CG组（N=362）。在T1（基线）和T2（6个月后随访）时评估人体测量数据和运动能力。干预措施包括为家长/教育工作者举办的信息交流会，会上传达了健康生活方式的关键指导方针并发放了个人健身卡（KiMo、NF-P、NF-NP），以及BP组和NF-P组每周一次的指导活动课。
结果显示，KiMo组（-0.1±0.6千克/平方米）、NF-P组（-0.1±0.7千克/平方米）和NF-NP组（-0.2±0.6千克/平方米；与CG组相比，每组P<0.001）的体重指数有所下降，而BP组（0.1±0.5千克/平方米；与CG组相比，P=0.998）有所上升。所有组在运动能力方面的结果不一致。
迄今为止，无法得出关于学龄前健康促进最佳程序的循证建议。可以确定的是，儿童的整个社会环境，包括家长、教育工作者和儿科医生，都必须参与到超重和运动功能障碍的预防工作中来。
