Hilpert Martin, Brockmeier Konrad, Dordel Sigrid, Koch Benjamin, Weiß Verena, Ferrari Nina, Tokarski Walter, Graf Christine
Institute of Movement and Neurosciences, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany.
Obes Facts. 2017;10(3):168-178. doi: 10.1159/000464105. Epub 2017 May 20.
Juvenile overweight is increasing, and effective preventive measures are needed. After years of arbitrarily assigning these measures disregarding socioeconomic and/or cultural differences, it has become necessary to tailor interventions more specific to these target groups. Providing data for such an intervention is the objective of this study.
Influencing variables on children's weight status, motor skills and lifestyle have been analyzed among 997 first graders (53.2% male) involved in the Children's Health InterventionaL Trial (CHILT).
Median age was 6.9 years; 7.3% were obese, 8.8% were overweight. Children with low socioeconomic status (SES) were more likely to be obese (p = 0.029). Low SES (p ˂ 0.001), migration background (p = 0.001) and low sports activity levels (p = 0.007) contributed most to an increased consumption of television. Migration background (p = 0.003) and male gender (p < 0.001) were the strongest factors in predicting a greater consumption of computer/video games. Children with higher SES (p = 0.02), lower BMI (p = 0.035), and males (p = 0.001) performed better in motor tests.
Children with a low SES and migration background were more likely to exhibit unfavorable health behavior patterns, higher BMI scores, and poorer motor skills. Interventions should integrate motivational and targeting strategies and consider cultural and educational differences to address these vulnerable groups.
青少年超重现象日益增加，需要有效的预防措施。多年来，在不顾社会经济和/或文化差异的情况下随意制定这些措施后，有必要针对这些目标群体制定更具针对性的干预措施。本研究的目的是为这种干预措施提供数据。
在参与儿童健康干预试验（CHILT）的997名一年级学生（53.2%为男性）中，分析了影响儿童体重状况、运动技能和生活方式的变量。
中位年龄为6.9岁；7.3%为肥胖，8.8%为超重。社会经济地位低（SES）的儿童更易肥胖（p = 0.029）。低SES（p＜0.001）、移民背景（p = 0.001）和低体育活动水平（p = 0.007）对电视观看量增加的影响最大。移民背景（p = 0.003）和男性（p＜0.001）是预测电脑/视频游戏使用量增加的最强因素。社会经济地位较高（p = 0.02）、体重指数较低（p = 0.035）的儿童以及男性（p = 0.001）在运动测试中表现更好。
社会经济地位低和有移民背景的儿童更有可能表现出不良的健康行为模式、更高的体重指数得分和更差的运动技能。干预措施应整合激励和针对性策略，并考虑文化和教育差异，以解决这些弱势群体的问题。
