Zhang Wei, Tong Yindong, Wang Huanhuan, Chen Long, Ou Langbo, Wang Xuejun, Liu Guohua, Zhu Yan
School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China.
Ministry of Education Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
Sci Rep. 2014 Jul 8;4:5611. doi: 10.1038/srep05611.
Effort of reducing CO₂ emissions in developing countries may require an increasing utilization of biomass fuels. Biomass pellets seem well-suited for residential biomass markets. However, there is limited quantitative information on pollutant emissions from biomass pellets burning, especially those measured in real applications. In this study, biomass pellets and raw biomass fuels were burned in a pellet burner and a conventional stove respectively, in rural households, and metal emissions were determined. Results showed that the emission factors (EFs) ranged 3.20-5.57 (Pb), 5.20-7.58 (Cu), 0.11-0.23 (Cd), 12.67-39.00 (As), 0.59-1.31 mg/kg (Ni) for pellets, and 0.73-1.34 (Pb), 0.92-4.48 (Cu), 0.08-0.14 (Cd), 7.29-13.22 (As), 0.28-0.62 (Ni) mg/kg for raw biomass. For unit energy delivered to cooking vessels, the EFs ranged 0.42-0.77 (Pb), 0.79-1.16 (Cu), 0.01-0.03 (Cd), 1.93-5.09 (As), 0.08-0.19 mg/MJ (Ni) for pellets, and 0.30-0.56 (Pb), 0.41-1.86 (Cu), 0.04-0.06 (Cd), 3.25-5.49 (As), 0.12-0.26 (Ni) mg/MJ for raw biomass. This study found that moisture, volatile matter and modified combustion efficiency were the important factors affecting metal emissions. Comparisons of the mass-based and task-based EFs found that biomass pellets produced higher metal emissions than the same amount of raw biomass. However, metal emissions from pellets were not higher in terms of unit energy delivered.
发展中国家为减少二氧化碳排放所做的努力可能需要更多地利用生物质燃料。生物质颗粒似乎非常适合民用生物质市场。然而，关于生物质颗粒燃烧产生的污染物排放的定量信息有限，尤其是在实际应用中测量的数据。在本研究中，分别在农村家庭的颗粒燃烧器和传统炉灶中燃烧生物质颗粒和原始生物质燃料，并测定金属排放量。结果表明，颗粒的排放因子（EFs）范围为3.20 - 5.57（铅）、5.20 - 7.58（铜）、0.11 - 0.23（镉）、12.67 - 39.00（砷）、0.59 - 1.31毫克/千克（镍），原始生物质的排放因子范围为0.73 - 1.34（铅）、0.92 - 4.48（铜）、0.08 - 0.14（镉）、7.29 - 13.22（砷）、0.28 - 0.62（镍）毫克/千克。对于输送到烹饪容器的单位能量，颗粒的排放因子范围为0.42 - 0.77（铅）、0.79 - 1.16（铜）、0.01 - 0.03（镉）、1.93 - 5.09（砷）、0.08 - 0.19毫克/兆焦（镍），原始生物质的排放因子范围为0.30 - 0.56（铅）、0.41 - 1.86（铜）、0.04 - 0.06（镉）、3.25 - 5.49（砷）、0.12 - 0.26（镍）毫克/兆焦。本研究发现，水分、挥发性物质和改进的燃烧效率是影响金属排放的重要因素。基于质量和基于任务的排放因子比较发现，生物质颗粒产生的金属排放量高于相同数量的原始生物质。然而，就输送的单位能量而言，颗粒的金属排放量并不更高。
