Skorski Sabrina, Hammes Daniel, Schwindling Sascha, Veith Sebastian, Pfeiffer Mark, Ferrauti Alexander, Kellmann Michael, Meyer Tim
1Institute of Sports and Preventive Medicine, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, GERMANY; 2Institute of Sports Science, Johannes-Gutenberg University, Mainz, GERMANY; 3Faculty of Sports Science, Ruhr-University of Bochum, Bochum, GERMANY; and 4School of Human Movement Studies and School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, AUSTRALIA.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2015 Mar;47(3):593-600. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000000439.
In some endurance sports, athletes complete several competitions within a short period, resulting in accumulated fatigue. It is unclear whether fatigued athletes choose the same pacing pattern (PP) as when they have recovered.
This study aimed to analyze effects of fatigue on PP of cyclists during a 40-km time trial (TT).
Twenty-three male cyclists (28.8 ± 7.6 yr) completed three 40-km TT on a cycle ergometer. TT were conducted before (TT1) and after (TT2) a 6-d training period. A third TT was carried out after 72 h of recovery (TT3). Training days consisted of two cycling sessions: mornings, 1 h at 95% of lactate threshold or 3 × 5 × 30 s all-out sprint; afternoons, 3 h at 80% individual anaerobic threshold. Four-kilometer split times (min) and RPE were recorded during TT.
Performance decreased from TT1 to TT2 (65.7 ± 3.5 vs 66.7 ± 3.3 min; P < 0.05) and increased from TT2 to TT3 (66.7 ± 3.3 vs 65.5 ± 3.3 min; P < 0.01). PP showed a significant difference between TT1 and TT2 (P < 0.001) as well as between TT2 and TT3 (P < 0.01). PP in TT1 and TT3 showed no significant difference (P > 0.05). In TT1 and TT3, cyclists started faster in the first 4 km compared with TT2. RPE course showed no significant difference between TT (P > 0.05).
Fatigue reversibly changes the PP of cyclists during a 40-km TT. Participants reduced their power output until premature exhaustion seemed very unlikely. This supports the assumption that pacing includes a combination of anticipation and feedback mechanisms.
在一些耐力运动中，运动员在短时间内要完成多项比赛，从而导致疲劳积累。目前尚不清楚疲劳的运动员是否会选择与恢复状态时相同的配速模式（PP）。
本研究旨在分析疲劳对自行车运动员在40公里计时赛（TT）中的配速模式的影响。
23名男性自行车运动员（28.8±7.6岁）在自行车测力计上完成了三次40公里的计时赛。计时赛分别在一个6天训练期之前（TT1）和之后（TT2）进行。在恢复72小时后进行第三次计时赛（TT3）。训练日包括两次骑行训练：上午，以乳酸阈值的95%进行1小时骑行或3×5×30秒全力冲刺；下午，以个人无氧阈值的80%进行3小时骑行。在计时赛期间记录每4公里的分段时间（分钟）和主观用力程度（RPE）。
成绩从TT1到TT2下降（65.7±3.5对66.7±3.3分钟；P<0.05），从TT2到TT3上升（66.7±3.3对65.5±3.3分钟；P<0.01）。配速模式在TT1和TT2之间以及TT2和TT3之间均显示出显著差异（P<0.001和P<0.01）。TT1和TT3中的配速模式无显著差异（P>0.05）。在TT1和TT3中，与TT2相比，自行车运动员在前4公里出发时速度更快。主观用力程度过程在各次计时赛之间无显著差异（P>0.05）。
疲劳会使自行车运动员在40公里计时赛中的配速模式发生可逆变化。参与者会降低功率输出，直到过早疲劳似乎极不可能出现。这支持了配速包括预期和反馈机制相结合的假设。
