Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2018 Jul 1;13(6):735-741. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2017-0287. Epub 2018 Jul 10.
Studies examining pacing strategies during 4000-m cycling time trials (TTs) typically ensure that participants are not prefatigued; however, competitive cyclists often undertake TTs when already fatigued. This study aimed to determine how TT pacing strategies and sprint characteristics of cyclists change during an intensified training period (mesocycle). Thirteen cyclists regularly competing in A- and B-grade cycling races and consistently training (>10 h/wk for 4 [1] y) completed a 6-wk training mesocycle. Participants undertook individually prescribed training, using training stress scores (TrainingPeaks, Boulder, CO), partitioned into a baseline week, a build week, 2 loading weeks (designed to elicit an overreached state), and 2 recovery weeks. Laboratory-based tests (15-s sprint and TT) and Recovery-Stress Questionnaire (RESTQ-52) responses were repeatedly undertaken over the mesocycle. TT power output increased during recovery compared with baseline and loading weeks (P = .001) with >6-W increases in mean power output (MPO) detected for 400-m sections (10% bins) from 1200 to 4000 m in recovery weeks. Decreases in peak heart rate (P < .001) during loading weeks and postexercise blood lactate (P = .005) during loading week 2 and recovery week 1 were detected. Compared with baseline, 15-s sprint MPO declined during loading and recovery weeks (P < .001). An interaction was observed between RESTQ-52 total stress score with a 15-s sprint (P = .003) and with a TT MPO (P = .04), indicating that participants who experienced greater stress during loading weeks exhibited reduced performance. To conclude, intensified endurance training diminished sprint performance but improved 4000-m TT performance, with a subtle change in MPO evident over the last 70% of TTs.
研究在 4000 米自行车计时赛（TT）中检查配速策略时，通常会确保参与者没有预先疲劳；然而，竞技自行车运动员在疲劳时经常进行 TT。本研究旨在确定在强化训练周期（中周期）中，自行车运动员的 TT 配速策略和冲刺特征如何变化。13 名经常参加 A 级和 B 级自行车比赛的自行车运动员和一贯训练（每周训练> 10 小时，持续 4 年）完成了 6 周的训练中周期。参与者使用训练压力得分（TrainingPeaks，Boulder，CO）进行个体规定的训练，分为基线周、构建周、2 个加载周（旨在引起过度训练状态）和 2 个恢复周。在中周期内反复进行实验室测试（15 秒冲刺和 TT）和恢复压力问卷（RESTQ-52）反应。与基线和加载周相比，恢复期 TT 的功率输出增加（P = .001），在恢复期的 4000 米至 400 米的 400 米段（10% 的区间）检测到 MPO 增加超过 6-W。在加载周和 2 加载周和 1 恢复周的运动后血乳酸（P = .005）期间检测到峰值心率（P < .001）下降。与基线相比，加载周和恢复期 15 秒冲刺 MPO 下降（P < .001）。在 RESTQ-52 总应激评分与 15 秒冲刺（P = .003）和 TT MPO（P = .04）之间观察到交互作用，表明在加载周经历更大压力的参与者表现出较低的运动表现。总之，强化耐力训练会降低冲刺表现，但会提高 4000 米 TT 表现，在 TT 的最后 70% 左右，MPO 有细微变化。
