Camicia Gabriela, Pozner Roberto, de Larrañaga Gabriela
*Laboratorio de Hemostasia y Trombosis, Hospital de Infecciosas F. J. Muñiz; and †Laboratorio de Trombosis Experimental, Instituto de Medicina Experimental, Academia Nacional de Medicina-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Shock. 2014 Oct;42(4):286-94. doi: 10.1097/SHK.0000000000000221.
Sepsis is the leading cause of death in critically ill patients in intensive care units. Early recognition of sepsis and proper therapy are essential to reduce patient mortality. Moreover, treatment options for this deleterious inflammatory response to infection are limited. Neutrophils play an essential role in the innate immune response, providing the first line of host defense. It has recently been shown that these cells can trap and kill microorganisms by releasing neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) composed of chromatin and antimicrobial proteins. Although the beneficial role of NETs during infections has been demonstrated, there is increasing evidence that NETs and their components contribute to the pathogenesis of several diseases, including sepsis. The aim of this review was to summarize the current evidence implicating NETs, as well as their components, in the development of sepsis and to discuss their potential use as novel therapeutic targets and as prognostic markers in septic patients.
脓毒症是重症监护病房中危重症患者的主要死因。早期识别脓毒症并进行恰当治疗对于降低患者死亡率至关重要。此外，针对这种对感染的有害炎症反应的治疗选择有限。中性粒细胞在固有免疫反应中发挥着重要作用，是宿主防御的第一道防线。最近有研究表明，这些细胞可通过释放由染色质和抗菌蛋白组成的中性粒细胞胞外陷阱（NETs）来捕获和杀死微生物。尽管NETs在感染过程中的有益作用已得到证实，但越来越多的证据表明，NETs及其成分会促使包括脓毒症在内的多种疾病的发病。这篇综述的目的是总结目前表明NETs及其成分与脓毒症发生相关的证据，并讨论它们作为脓毒症患者新型治疗靶点和预后标志物的潜在用途。
