Department of Cellular Microbiology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Charitéplatz 1, Campus Charité Mitte, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
Department of Cellular Microbiology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Charitéplatz 1, Campus Charité Mitte, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
Dev Cell. 2018 Mar 12;44(5):542-553. doi: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.01.019.
Neutrophils are essential to the homeostatic mission of safeguarding host tissues, responding rapidly and diversely to breaches of the host's barriers to infection, and returning tissues to a sterile state. In response to specific stimuli, neutrophils extrude modified chromatin structures decorated with specific cytoplasmic and granular proteins called neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Several pathways lead to this unique form of cell death (NETosis). Extracellular chromatin may have evolved to defend eukaryotic organisms against infection, and its release has at least three functions: trapping and killing of microbes, amplifying immune responses, and inducing coagulation. Here we review neutrophil development and heterogeneity with a focus on NETs, NET formation, and their relevance in host defense and disease.
中性粒细胞对于维持宿主组织的稳态至关重要，它们能够迅速而多样化地响应宿主防御感染的屏障的破裂，并使组织恢复到无菌状态。中性粒细胞对特定刺激作出反应，会排出经过修饰的染色质结构，这些结构上装饰有特定的细胞质和颗粒蛋白，称为中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网（NETs）。有几种途径会导致这种独特的细胞死亡形式（NETosis）。细胞外染色质可能是为了保护真核生物免受感染而进化而来的，其释放至少有三种功能：捕获和杀死微生物、放大免疫反应和诱导凝血。在这里，我们将重点介绍 NETs、NET 的形成及其在宿主防御和疾病中的相关性，综述中性粒细胞的发育和异质性。
