Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan s/n. Col. Residencial Colón, 50120, Toluca, Mexico City, Mexico,
Environ Monit Assess. 2014 Nov;186(11):7259-71. doi: 10.1007/s10661-014-3925-0. Epub 2014 Jul 10.
Toxicity in natural ecosystems is usually not due to exposure to a single substance, but is rather the result of exposure to mixtures of toxic substances. Knowing the effects of contaminants as a mixture compared to their effects in isolated form is therefore important. This study aimed to evaluate the oxidative stress induced by binary mixtures of diclofenac with paracetamol, ibuprofen, naproxen, and acetylsalicylic acid and by these nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in isolated form, using Hyalella azteca as a bioindicator. The median lethal concentration (LC50) and the lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) of each NSAID were obtained. Amphipods were exposed for 72 h to the latter value in isolated form and as binary mixtures. The following biomarkers were evaluated: lipid peroxidation (LPX), protein carbonyl content (PCC), and activity of the antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Significant increases in LPX and PCC with respect to the control group (p ≤ 0.05) were induced by NSAIDs both in isolated form and as binary mixtures. Changes in SOD, CAT, and GPx activity likewise occurred with NSAIDs in isolated form and as binary mixtures. In conclusion, NSAIDs used in this study induce oxidative stress on H. azteca both in isolated form and as binary mixtures, and the interactions occurring between these pharmaceuticals are probably antagonistic in type.
在自然生态系统中，毒性通常不是由于单一物质的暴露，而是由于暴露于多种有毒物质的混合物。因此，了解污染物作为混合物的影响与它们单独存在的影响相比是很重要的。本研究旨在使用水生无脊椎动物桡足类（Hyalella azteca）作为生物指示剂，评估双氯芬酸与对乙酰氨基酚、布洛芬、萘普生和乙酰水杨酸这四种非甾体抗炎药（NSAIDs）混合物以及这些 NSAIDs 单独存在时引起的氧化应激。获得了每种 NSAID 的半数致死浓度 (LC50) 和最低观察到的不良效应水平 (LOAEL)。在 72 小时内，将这些值分别应用于单独存在和混合存在的情况下，对桡足类进行暴露。评估了以下生物标志物：脂质过氧化 (LPX)、蛋白质羰基含量 (PCC) 和抗氧化酶的活性：超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)、过氧化氢酶 (CAT) 和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GPx)。与对照组相比（p≤0.05），NSAIDs 无论是单独存在还是混合存在，均会导致 LPX 和 PCC 显著增加。SOD、CAT 和 GPx 的活性也因 NSAIDs 的单独存在和混合存在而发生变化。总之，本研究中使用的 NSAIDs 无论是单独存在还是混合存在，都会对桡足类产生氧化应激，而且这些药物之间的相互作用可能是拮抗作用。
