Song Jaechul, Kim Inah, Choi Byung-Soon
Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
J Korean Med Sci. 2014 Jun;29 Suppl(Suppl):S32-9. doi: 10.3346/jkms.2014.29.S.S32. Epub 2014 Jun 13.
The range of diseases covered by workers' compensation is constantly expanding. However, new regulations are required for the recognition of occupational diseases (ODs) because OD types evolve with changes in industrial structures and working conditions. OD criteria are usually based on medical relevance, but they vary depending on the social security system and laws of each country. In addition, the proposed range and extent of work-relatedness vary depending on the socio-economic conditions of each country. The Labor Standards Act (LSA) and the Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance Act (IACIA) of Korea employ lists based on their requirements without listing causes and diseases separately. Despite a considerable reshuffle in 2003, the basic framework has been maintained for 50 yr, and many cases do not fit into the international disease classification system. Since July 1, 2013, Korea has expanded the range of occupational accidents to include occupational cancers and has implemented revised LSA and IACIA enforcement decrees. There have been improvements to OD recognition standards with the inclusion of additional or modified criteria, a revised and improved classification scheme for risk factors and ODs, and so on.
工伤赔偿所涵盖的疾病范围在不断扩大。然而，由于职业病类型会随着产业结构和工作条件的变化而演变，因此需要新的法规来认定职业病。职业病标准通常基于医学相关性，但会因各国社会保障制度和法律的不同而有所差异。此外，所提议的与工作相关性的范围和程度也因各国社会经济状况而异。韩国的《劳动标准法》（LSA）和《工业事故赔偿保险法》（IACIA）根据其要求采用列表形式，未分别列出病因和疾病。尽管在2003年进行了大幅调整，但基本框架已维持了50年，许多案例并不符合国际疾病分类系统。自2013年7月1日起，韩国已将职业事故范围扩大至包括职业性癌症，并实施了修订后的《劳动标准法》和《工业事故赔偿保险法》实施令。通过纳入额外或修改后的标准、对风险因素和职业病进行修订和改进的分类方案等，职业病认定标准已有改进。
