Gundermann K O
Abteilung Hygiene, Sozialhygiene und Gesundheitswesen, Klinikum der Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel.
Zentralbl Bakteriol Mikrobiol Hyg B Umwelthyg Krankenhaushyg Arbeitshyg Prav Med. 1989 Apr;187(4-6):382-9.
For evaluation of antiseptics intended for use on mucous membranes various effects, as bactericidal and fungicidal but also bacteriostatic and fungistatic effects as well as other mechanisms, have to be considered. The application of antiseptics on the oral mucous membrane is indicated to prevent wound infections, bacteremia following surgical intervention, infection caused by injuries as for example prosthetic ulcers as well as it is indicated for prophylaxis and therapy of infections like colds and for prevention of exogenic dissemination of bacteria. The substances used essentially are PVP-iodine-solutions, cation-active compounds, organic mercury- and silver-compounds and hydrogen peroxide-solutions. It has to be taken into account, however, that the toxicological properties of these substances vary. To this day there exists no generally accepted test model for the evaluation of these mucous membrane antiseptics. Therefore a test-solution on the basis of chlorhexidine digluconate was examined with the help of a rinse- and a swab-method, respectively. The total bacterial counts and the number of alpha-haemolytic streptococci was determined. The rinse-method resulted in reduction factors of log 1.0 after 5 to 120 min and the swab-method--applied at the buccal mucous membranes--in reduction factors of about log 1.5 after 5 min and log 1.0 to 1.2 after 120 min. At the gingival margin of the front teeth reduction factors rose from log 1.55 after 5 min to log 1.85 after 120 min. Possibly this rise was due to an after-effect of the tested antiseptic in this region. For examination of antiseptics a combination of both test methods is recommended.
为了评估用于黏膜的防腐剂，必须考虑其各种作用，如杀菌和杀真菌作用，以及抑菌和抑真菌作用以及其他机制。在口腔黏膜上使用防腐剂可预防伤口感染、外科手术后的菌血症、由损伤（如义齿溃疡）引起的感染，还可用于预防和治疗感冒等感染以及防止细菌的外源性传播。基本上所使用的物质有聚维酮碘溶液、阳离子活性化合物、有机汞和银化合物以及过氧化氢溶液。然而，必须考虑到这些物质的毒理学特性各不相同。时至今日，尚无用于评估这些黏膜防腐剂的普遍接受的测试模型。因此，分别借助冲洗法和拭子法对基于葡萄糖酸氯己定的测试溶液进行了检测。测定了细菌总数和α-溶血性链球菌的数量。冲洗法在5至120分钟后导致的降低系数为log 1.0，而应用于颊黏膜的拭子法在5分钟后导致的降低系数约为log 1.5，在120分钟后为log 1.0至1.2。在前牙牙龈边缘，降低系数从5分钟后的log 1.55升至120分钟后的log 1.85。这种升高可能是由于该区域所测试的防腐剂的后效应所致。为了检测防腐剂，建议将两种测试方法结合使用。
